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Unit Review – Families of Chemical Compounds Multiple Choice – Choose the letter of the answer that best completes each statement 1. One of the physical properties that all acids share is a. no color c. sour taste b. color d. bitter taste 2. Weak acids do not ionize to a high degree in water, so they produce few a. electrolytes c. hydroxide ions b. hydrogen ions d. carbonates 3. You should never use taste or touch to identify bases because they can be a. corrosive c. sour b. slippery d. antacids 4. Which is the most common ion in a base? a. OHc. H+ + b. H3O d. H2O 5. Organic compounds always contain a. carbon b. oxygen c. halogens d. carboxyl groups 6. Which pH would indicate a very acidic solution? a. 7 c. 8 b. 2 d. 14 7. The type of bonding found in organic compounds is a. metallic c. covalent b. ionic d. coordinate 8. A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is called a(n) a. isomer c. carbohydrate b. hydrocarbon d. alcohol 9. The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is a. cyclohexane b. methane c. benzene d. phenol 10. The –OH group is characteristic of an a. organic acid b. aromatic compound c. ester d. alcohol True or False – If the statement is true, write “true.” If it is false, write “false” and then change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 11. Acids are often defined a proton donors. 12. Strong acids are poor electrolytes. 13. Weak bases produce small numbers of ions when dissolved in water. 14. A neutral solution has a pH of 10. 15. In neutralization, an acid reacts with a base. 16. Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds are said to be unsaturated. 17. The 4-carbon alkane is called butane. 18. An organic acid is characterized by the group –COOH. 19. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called isotopes. Concept mapping – complete the following concept map 20. _________________ 21. _________________ 24. ______________________ 22. _________________ 25. ______________________ 23. _________________ 26. ______________________ Concept Mastery – Discuss each of the following in a few sentences 27. Explain why table sugar, which contains 22 hydrogen atoms, is NOT classified as an acid. 28. In terms of pH, explain why lemons are more acidic that bananas and why lye is more basic than ammonia. 29. Explain why water is BOTH an ACID and a BASE. 30. Why are carbon compounds SO abundant? 31. Why are structural formulas so important in organic chemistry? 32. In this unit, you learned that the most common ion in compounds called bases is the hydroxide ion, OH-. Alcohols also contain the OH group. Why are alcohols NOT bases? Classifying compounds – Identify each of the following compounds as an acid, base, or salt 33. CaCO3 34. HI 35. CsOH 36. H3PO4 37. MgSO4 38. Ga(OH)3 Classifying hydrocarbons – Classify each of the following hydrocarbons as an alkane, alkene, alkyne, or aromatic compound 39. C4H10 40. C3H4 41. C2H4 42. C6H6 43. C13H26 44. C42H82 Classifying substituted hydrocarbons – Classify each of the following compounds as a(n) ester, alcohol, organic acid, or halogen derivative 45. C2H5COOC3H7 46. C4H9Cl 47. C6H5OH 48. C2H5COOH