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Group Activity (Buddhism Activity Sheet-Early Life of Buddha/Buddhism Video Guide) Discussion of the History and Development of Buddhism. We are able to choose the path to selfperfection (supreme enlightenment-Nirvana) Value and sanctity of life Human life is a rare privilege with special responsibilities Scale of choice-free to act-good or evil Human existence means we have a purpose Human dignity resides in each person Three periods to destiny-youth, middle age and old age Liberation through enlightenment-from bondage of suffering and ignorance Liberation from-suffering of life-awakenedlife includes suffering-Eightfold path Dharma- law of karma and re-birthcycle/teachings Break the cycle of birth and rebirth-Nirvanafree from desire Free from samsara-suffering-cycle of suffering until rebirth is attained Goal of Buddhists Nirvana means “ not being or not existing anymore” Overcome selfish desires and becomes part of the universe and has no more individual selfish desires Buddha described Nirvana as “ Bliss, yes, bliss, my friend, is Nirvana” Escape from the cycle of re-birth Follow the eightfold path Buddhism has no God’s or Goddesses to assist you on the path to salvation. The path to salvation is an individual path to enlightenment or Nirvana/Nibbana/Nirbana How is the concept of Nirvana/Nibbana/Nirbana similar to the concept of heaven in Christianity and Islam? The eight-spoked wheel symbolizes the Buddha’s turning of the Wheel of Truth or Law. There are eight spokes to reference the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism, which is the path Buddhists believe can end suffering in their lives. This path involves becoming more wise, righteous, and thoughtful in life. The Bodhi Tree symbolizes the reaching of enlightenment, because under this tree Siddhartha Gautama reached enlightenment for the first time. Reaching enlightenment is one of the greatest single achievements a Buddhist can reach. The throne refers to Siddhartha Gautama’s royal ancestry. The throne also presents the idea that enlightenment is the pinnacle of the spiritual world. The lion is a symbol for power, integrity, and strength in the Buddhism religion. Tipitaka/Tripitaka (Three Baskets)-wrtitten in Pali (dialect that was used at the time) Sutta Pitaka (Teaching Basket)-teachings of Buddah and his followers/divided into five sections “ Do not speak harshly to anybody; those who are spoken to will answer thee in the same way. Angry speech brings trouble.” The Vinaya Pitaka (Discipline Basket) Rules for monks and nuns/lists monks basic possessions and what he can eat The Abdhidamma Pitaka (Higher Teaching Basket) Long explanations on the Buddha’s teachings about philosophy and psychology-things are defined in detail/tells the reader how to train the mind Milinda-Panha- (Questions of King Milinda)questions of a Greek King to a monk King- “ Does the Buddha still exist?” Monk- “ Yes, your majesty he does” Sutras (Threads)-collection of Buddha’s discourses-Northern Buddhist/The Mahayana The Lotus Sutra/Lotus of the Wonderful LawGospel of Half Asia Annica-impermanence-Life in a state of change Dukka-suffering-pain, disease, boredom, discomfort-use wisdom to overcome suffering Anatta-Man has no soul. Man is made up of five things-body, feelings, ideas, mental actions and awareness Right Understanding Right Concentration Right Effort Right Thought Right Action Right Work Right Understanding (Knowledge/view)-Man must believe he can better himself by following Buddha’s truths Right Motives (Attitudes/Thought/resolve) Man must be determined to end his selfish ways and be in harmony with the universe Right Speech-Man must listen to himself. How often do we lie? How often do we speak badly of others? When we listen, we may decide to start speaking in a better manner Right Behaviour (Action) Man should not behave selfishly or hurt others by his behaviour Right livelihood-Man cannot grow in a job that makes him unhappy Right Effort-Man must be determined to improve himself Right-Mindfulness-Knowledge makes man happy, said Buddha. He urged men to exercise their minds to find out what they are and what life is about Right Concentration(composure/enjoyment/meditation)Through learning to concentrate man can forget his selfish thoughts. He can begin to reach a higher level of understanding/Nirvana/Nibbana/Nirbana Group Activity: Eight fold path: Personal Response (1) Dukkah (“unsatisfactoriness”/something which is not perfect or permanent-disease but he has a cure (2) Samudaya ( caused through ignorance) Ignorance Crave Hate (3) Nirodha-cure/prognosis Overcoming selfishness and releasing self from cravings Things are transient and lacking substance and imperfect (4) Magga-middle way between hatred and craving and to avoid extremes of sensual pleasure and personal mortification/Dhamma-chakra wheel/Eightfold Path Goal is enlightenment Buddhists worship and meditate in a temple known as a Vihara. A Vihara is a huge square temple with roofs that slope down and outward from the building. In the Shrine-remove their shoes, sit on mats facing Buddha, place palms of hands together and stretch before forehead, prostrate three times before Buddha’s image Individual Worship-Temple or shrine at home-simplekneeling before Buddha’s image, offering flowers, money, food etc Meditation: Buddhist meditate daily (LAST THREE STAGES OF EIGHTFOLD PATH-right effort, right mindfulness/right concentration/Way to reach Nirvana/Nirbana/Nibbana Stupa-Solid dome structure under which relics of the Buddha or one of his followers are believed to be buried. Focus of veneration by Buddhists Birth-When an infant is born, Thervada Buddhist usually have a formal naming ceremony at a nearby temple. Monks bless and sprinkle holy water on the newborn. Closing ceremony involves the melting of candle wax into a bowl-union of four basic elements-earth, air, fire and water Samenera- boy enters a monastery between 8 and 20 as renunciates/novices for a short time. They help to run the monastery. Marriage/Wedding is a secular event (Buddha never brought marriage under religious control Couple may visit to be blessed. Thervada Buddhists believe women have worst Kamma than men and therefore cannot get to NIBBANA/NIRVANA Divorce is rare among Buddhists Death/Funerals-Funerals vary from country to country For example Sri Lanka-Modest Affair Japan-Body is washed, eyes closed, hands clasped and body dressed in white as a sign of pilgrimage Rebirth-Buddha rejected transmigration of souls/souls were not eternal/One could break the effects of Kamma by giving up cravings and cease the samsara reincarnation cycle by seeking Nibbana Pureland-Alternative to Nibbana-Faith rather than efforts of following the Eightfold Path Thervada Buddhism-recall life of BuddhaMagha-puja-February Wesak (or Vesak) Celebrates Buddha’s birth, enlightenment and entry into Nibbana/Nirvana Mahayana-Events are celebrated on separate days. Asalha (Asala)-puja Water Festival Esala Perahera Mahayana Buddhists-Hold similar festival to Wesak Thervada (Doctrine of the Elders/Lesser Wheel) Buddhism-Kept to the original teachings of the Buddha Regard Buddha as a human being and a great man to follow Buddha or anyone can save mankind by showing the way to live Salvation is not offered to all Mahayana Buddhism (Northern way or Greater/Wheel) Buddha was more than human Some worship Buddha as a kind of god Nirvana is a heavenly place that can be entered through faith in the Buddha Belief in the Ideal Person/Bodhisavattvas (Buddhas-to-be)holy people Zen Buddhism (Meditation)-Japan/China Aim is to achieve enlightenment Buddhism is popular in several nations all throughout southern Asia. Buddhism is most commonly practised in India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, North and South Korea, China, and Japan Lumbini Where Siddhartha (Gautama Buddha) was born Located in present-day Nepal Bodhgaya Where the Buddha achieved enlightenment Located in present-day Bihar, India Sarnath Where the Buddha met his five disciples and delivered his first sermon Located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India Kushinagar Where the Buddha died after 45 years of travels and sermons Located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India