Download PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CIRCLE REVIEW

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CIRCLE REVIEW
Name________________________________ Pr_____
Each statement has either one OR two correct answers. Circle both if there are two correct answers.
DNA is made of A, T, C, and G nucleotdies, while RNA is made of
The production of mRNA from DNA is called
Both sides of DNA are used in transcription.
The enzyme that makes new RNA is called
The bonds holding the two antiparallel sides of DNA together are
A protein is a chain of
A DNA segment reading TACGCAT would be transcribed into
mRNA reading ______
_____ are spliced out of the mRNA and _____ leave the nucleus
This “attachment” to mRNA helps it leave the nucleus and
determines how long it will last in the cytoplasm
The genetic material that leaves the nucleus is the
The actual production of proteins occurs in the
The process of turning the mRNA code into proteins is called
The production of mRNA in eukaryotes occurs in the
The production of mRNA in prokaryotes occurs in the
New proteins are synthesized on a
A ribosome is composed of a ___ and ___ unit
Amino acids are carried to ribosomes on
The 3-base region of a tRNA that matches a mRNA is called a
The first codon of mRNA is always a ____ codon
Amino acids brought in by tRNAs are joined by ____ bonds
The site on a ribosome where a new tRNA attaches
The site on a ribosome where amino acids next to each other
form a bond
tRNA leaves a ribosome when it no longer has any
More than one ribosome can “sit” on any one mRNA at the same
time, forming a
The mRNA code is redundant but never
The sequence of amino acids is determined ORIGINALLY by
The Central Dogma states that DNA ______  protein
If one base-pair is altered it is called a
If one altered codon cause a “stop,” the mutation is called a ___
The kind(s) of mutation(s) that usually cause the most damage
All mutations are harmful
If the ___ base of a codon is changed, it often will code for the
same amino acid
What prokaryotic cells are missing that eukaryotic cells have
The parts of a prokaryotic cell allow it to make ____
A circular piece of DNA
A, T, C, and U
Transcription
True
RNA transcriptase
Covalent
Sugars
AUGCGUA
A, U, C, and G
Translation
False
RNA polymerase
Hydrogen
Amino acids
UAGCGAU
Introns/exons
3’ cap
Exons/introns
polyA tail
DNA
Nucleus
Transcription
Nucleus
Nucleus
Golgi body
Small ard large
mRNA
Codon
Start
Covalent
A site
P site
mRNA
Cytoplasm
Translation
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
+ and tRNA
Anticodon
Stop
Peptide
P site
E site
Anticodons
Polyribosome
Amino acids
Ambiguous
ribosome
Static
mRNA
tRNA
Deletion
Missense
Insertion/deletion
False
3rd
Like eukaryotic DNA, bacterial DNA has introns
Both making and reading mRNA at the same time occurs in
True
Prokaryotes
Ambiguous
DNA
mRNA
Substitution
Nonsense
Substitutions
True
1st
Nucleus
Proteins
Plasmid
Ribosomes
Enzymes
Genomic bacterial
DNA
False
Eukaryotes
The problem of inserting human DNA into bacterial DNA is that
the bacterial DNA would
Viruses need a host cell because they have no
The genetic material of viruses is either ___ or ___
Reverse transcriptase was found in
Reverse transcriptase turns ___ into ___
DNA that has one or a few genes from another organisms spliced
into it
Enzymes used to cut DNA in specific places
DNA cut to have each side with a few “bare” bases has
All restriction enzymes cut DNA at the same base-pair sequence
In nature, restriction enzymes in bacteria chop of DNA of
The organisms are best for transformation because they are
unicellular and reproduce very quickly
The part of a bacterial cell that allows genetic material to be
swapped (in nature)
In the lab, forcing a plasmid into a – bacterial cell requires
The pGLO plasmid you used also had a segment that
What combination of nutrients did we NOT test that would have
allowed for your transformed bacteria to both grow AND glow?
If a bacterial cell only produces enzymes when they are needed,
the most important thing they would conserve is
Heat shock involves
When recombination of a bacterial cell’s DNA is complete, we say
that it is
Not know where
the start and stops
are
DNA / RNA
DNA
Bacteria
DNA / mRNA
Reverse DNA
Copy introns
Recombinant
enayme
Blunt ends
True
Foreign viruses
Viruses
Restriction
ensymes
Sticky ends
False
Dead bacterial cells
Bacteria
Genomic DNA
Plasmid DNA
Heat shocking
Turns on the pGLO
when arabinose is
present
LB only
Ca2+
Gives the bactrial
cell resistence to
ampicillin
LB/ARA
Nutrients
Energy
Heat/cold/heat
Transmorgrified
Cold/heat/cold
Transformed
ribosomes
rRNA
Viruses
mRNA / cDNA
Recombinant DNA
List the steps, IN ORDER, of protein synthesis.
Explain the steps you took in the lab to transform bacteria using a pre-made plasmid.
Explain how reverse transcritase works and why we must use it to make plasmids that allow bacteria to make
human proteins.