Download The Nervous System: Organization and Tissues

The Nervous System:
Organization and Tissues
Chapter 11
Functions of the
Nervous System

INPUT

INTERGRATION

MOTOR OUTPUT
Organization of the
Nervous System
Histology of the
Nervous System

Neuroglial cells

Neurons
Neuroglial Cells of the
Central Nervous System
Neuroglial Cells of the
Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons

Characteristics






Excitable
Longevity
High Metabolic Rate
Sometimes Large
Amitotic
May Regenerate
Parts of a Neuron
Myelin Sheath and Neurilemma
Structural Classification
of Neurons
Functional Classification
of Neurons
Neurophysiology


Electrical currents correspond to the
flow ions across cellular membranes
Ion channels allow the flow of ions
into and out of the cell

Passive, or leakage, channels

Active, or gated, channels
Gated Ion Channels
Resting Membrane Potential
The Synapse
Generating an Nerve Impulse
Generating an Nerve Impulse
Propagation of an
Action Potential
Propagation of an
Action Potential
The Synapse
Electrical Synapse
Chemical Synapse
Postsynaptic Potentials

Exciatory Postsynaptic Potential
(EPSP)



Chemically gated, bring neuron closer
to AP threshhold
Used to stimulate axon hillock
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
(IPSP)

Hyperpolarizes, reduces ability to
generate AP
Synaptic Integration


Temporal summation
 EPSPs happening
“rapid-fire”
Spatial summation
 Postsynaptic neuron
stimulated at same
time by many
terminals or neurons
 EPSPs and IPSPs can
happen at same
time, cancelling each
other
Neurotransmitters


Acetylcholine
Biogenic Amines







Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Histamine
ATP
Dissolved Gases

Amino Acids





GABA
Glutamate
Glycine
Aspartate
Peptides



Endorphins
Somatostatin
Cholecystokinin