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Major Players 0 Abraham Lincoln-president of the Union 0 Jefferson Davis-president of the Confederacy 0 Ulysses S. Grant-leader of the Union army (after George 0 0 0 0 0 0 McClellan) Robert E. Lee-leader of the Confederate army Stonewall Jackson-general of the Confederate army William Carney-African American who was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor William T. Sherman-Union general; “March to the Sea” Philip Bazaar-First Hispanic-American to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor John Wilkes Booth-assassinated President Lincoln at Ford’s Theater Strengths and Weaknesses North 0 Strengths: 0 Manpower (22million people) 0 Resources (factories, railroads, naval power, shipyards) 0 Lincoln 0 Ability to place blockades in the South 0 Weaknesses: 0 Not fighting for their own territory South 0 Strengths: 0 Good Generals (Jackson, Lee) 0 Fighting on their territory 0 Weaknesses 0 Smaller population (9 million, 3.5 million were slaves) 0 Depended on Europe for manufactured goods Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address • Lincoln assured Southerners he would not interfere with slavery. • But he did warn that the Constitution warned that “the Union of these states is perpetual”-meaning secession is unconstitutional. • He planned to preserve the Union…by force if necessary. Secession • Immediately after Lincoln’s election in 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union. • The states that seceded formed the Confederate States of America and Jefferson Davis was elected as president. • Davis quoted the DOI saying, “It is the right of people to alter or abolish a government whenever it becomes destructive of the ends for which it was established”. • He stated that the South had no intention to go to war, but if the North attacked they would be ready. Fort Sumter 0 1861, South Carolina, Confederate Victory 0 President Lincoln had a tough decision: Several forts in the South remained under federal control-if he resupplied the forts he risked war; if he had his troops leave the fort he would be giving in to the rebels. 0 Lincoln refused to give up the forts in the South and sent an expedition to South Carolina to resupply food and supplies at Fort Sumter, although he did let South Carolina know he was sending supplies. 0 On April 12, 1861 Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter and the Civil War began. 0 There were no casualties during the first battle. War Strategies North (Union) 0 Anaconda Plan: surround and strangle the South like a snake 0 President Lincoln ordered a naval blockade to prevent the South from receiving materials, export cotton, or create a navy 0 Lead by: George McClellan and Ulysses S. Grant South (Confederates) 0 The South had a plan based on defense: they were fighting on their territory so they would defend their home and lands 0 Lead by: Robert E. Lee Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) 0 Virginia, July 1861-Confederate Win 0 Union army wanted to take Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, and quickly end the war. 0 General “Stonewall” Jackson (one of the best Confederate commanders) and his 22,000 forced the Union army of 30,000 to retreat. 0 Fact: he died after accidentally being shot by a Confederate soldier and died from complications from having his arm amputated Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) 0 Maryland, 1862-Union Win 0 Lee invades the North 0 The bloodiest single day of the war-over 23,000 casualties in just one day 0 Stopped Lee’s invasion of the North and caused Lincoln to issue to the Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation 0 Issued by President Lincoln in 1862 0 This freed the slaves in the rebelling states only-not the border states where slavery was legal The Emancipation Proclamation 0 “That on the first day of January, 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including military and naval authority, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act to repress such persons, from their actual freedom.” Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation 0 Disrupted the Confederacy’s agricultural economy- slaves fled the plantations 0 Confederate hopes of help from Britain and France ended 0 Britain and France, while against slavery, were sympathetic to the South because they got their cotton from the South 0 It made the South look bad to fight for slavery Battle of Gettysburg 0 1863, Pennsylvania; Union Win 0 Turning point of the war 0 Lee wanted to cut off Washington, D.C., from the rest of the Union, but after three days of heavy loss Lee retreated 0 Union General, George McClellan could have followed Lee’s army and had a chance to possibly end the war, but did not-a huge frustration for Lincoln who then fired him 0 Lee’s army suffered heavy casualties and never invaded the North again Gettysburg Address 0 “The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they (the soldiers who died) did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the …great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” 0 Abraham Lincoln, 1863 0 What did Lincoln see as the “great remaining task”? 0 Why is this speech one of the most famous in American history? Battle of Vicksburg • 1863, Mississippi, Union win • Divided the Confederacy in two • Union gains control of the Mississippi River • Lincoln was impressed by Grant’s victory and placed him in charge of the Union forces The 54th • One of the first AfricanAmerican regiments in the North • Showed incredible bravery at Fort Wagner, one of the first battles to allow African-American’s to fight • Two of Frederick Douglas’s sons were in the 54th • William Carney was the first African American to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery • Philip Bazaar was the first Hispanic-American to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor “March to the Sea” 0 Grant wanted to further divide the South and devastate the Confederate army 0 He sent General William T. Sherman and his troops across Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah, where they tore up railroads, cut telegraph lines, and burned down farms, businesses, and villages Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address 0 Instead of focusing on keeping the Union together, Lincoln spoke of the sin’s of slavery 0 “One-eighth of the population were colored slaves…These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend slavery was the object for which the insurgents would end the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than restrict the territorial growth of it…With malice toward none, with charity for all…let us strive to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds…to do all which we may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.” 0 What did Lincoln now say was the underlying issue of the Civil War? 0 What was Lincoln’s attitude towards the future treatment of the South? Appomattox Court House 0 The destruction of the South had caused many Southerners to give up hope and more than half of Lee’s soldiers have deserted and returned home 0 In April 1865, Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy fell to the Union army 0 Lee met Grant at Appomattox Court House to surrender 0 Lee and his army were pardoned and their weapons captured Lincoln’s Assassination 0 Just days after the war ended, President Lincoln was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth 0 Booth thought Lincoln was a tyrant and was set on destroying the South-If only he knew…