Download The Civil War - Northwest ISD Moodle

Major Players
0 Abraham Lincoln-president of the Union
0 Jefferson Davis-president of the Confederacy
0 Ulysses S. Grant-leader of the Union army (after George
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McClellan)
Robert E. Lee-leader of the Confederate army
Stonewall Jackson-general of the Confederate army
William Carney-African American who was awarded the
Congressional Medal of Honor
William T. Sherman-Union general; “March to the Sea”
Philip Bazaar-First Hispanic-American to be awarded the
Congressional Medal of Honor
John Wilkes Booth-assassinated President Lincoln at Ford’s
Theater
Strengths and Weaknesses
North
0 Strengths:
0 Manpower (22million
people)
0 Resources (factories,
railroads, naval power,
shipyards)
0 Lincoln
0 Ability to place
blockades in the South
0 Weaknesses:
0 Not fighting for their
own territory
South
0 Strengths:
0 Good Generals
(Jackson, Lee)
0 Fighting on their
territory
0 Weaknesses
0 Smaller population (9
million, 3.5 million
were slaves)
0 Depended on Europe
for manufactured
goods
Lincoln’s First Inaugural
Address
• Lincoln assured Southerners he would not interfere
with slavery.
• But he did warn that the Constitution warned that
“the Union of these states is perpetual”-meaning
secession is unconstitutional.
• He planned to preserve the Union…by force if
necessary.
Secession
• Immediately after Lincoln’s election in 1860, South
Carolina seceded from the Union.
• The states that seceded formed the Confederate States of
America and Jefferson Davis was elected as president.
• Davis quoted the DOI saying, “It is the right of people to
alter or abolish a government whenever it becomes
destructive of the ends for which it was established”.
• He stated that the South had no intention to go to war, but
if the North attacked they would be ready.
Fort Sumter
0 1861, South Carolina, Confederate Victory
0 President Lincoln had a tough decision: Several forts in the
South remained under federal control-if he resupplied the
forts he risked war; if he had his troops leave the fort he
would be giving in to the rebels.
0 Lincoln refused to give up the forts in the South and sent
an expedition to South Carolina to resupply food and
supplies at Fort Sumter, although he did let South Carolina
know he was sending supplies.
0 On April 12, 1861 Confederate forces fired on Fort
Sumter and the Civil War began.
0 There were no casualties during the first battle.
War Strategies
North (Union)
0 Anaconda Plan:
surround and strangle
the South like a snake
0 President Lincoln
ordered a naval
blockade to prevent the
South from receiving
materials, export
cotton, or create a navy
0 Lead by: George
McClellan and Ulysses
S. Grant
South (Confederates)
0 The South had a
plan based on
defense: they were
fighting on their
territory so they
would defend their
home and lands
0 Lead by: Robert E.
Lee
Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
0 Virginia, July 1861-Confederate Win
0 Union army wanted to take Richmond, the capital of
the Confederacy, and quickly end the war.
0 General “Stonewall” Jackson (one of the best
Confederate commanders) and his 22,000 forced the
Union army of 30,000 to retreat.
0 Fact: he died after accidentally being shot by
a Confederate soldier and died from
complications from having his arm
amputated
Battle of Antietam
(Sharpsburg)
0 Maryland, 1862-Union Win
0 Lee invades the North
0 The bloodiest single day of the war-over 23,000
casualties in just one day
0 Stopped Lee’s invasion of the North and caused
Lincoln to issue to the Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
0 Issued by President Lincoln in 1862
0 This freed the slaves in the rebelling states only-not
the border states where slavery was legal
The Emancipation
Proclamation
0 “That on the first day of January, 1863, all persons
held as slaves within any State or part of a State, the
people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the
United States, shall be forever free; and the Executive
Government of the United States, including military
and naval authority, will recognize and maintain the
freedom of such persons, and will do no act to repress
such persons, from their actual freedom.”
Effects of the Emancipation
Proclamation
0 Disrupted the Confederacy’s agricultural economy-
slaves fled the plantations
0 Confederate hopes of help from Britain and France
ended
0 Britain and France, while against slavery, were
sympathetic to the South because they got their cotton
from the South
0 It made the South look bad to fight for slavery
Battle of Gettysburg
0 1863, Pennsylvania; Union Win
0 Turning point of the war
0 Lee wanted to cut off Washington, D.C., from the rest of the
Union, but after three days of heavy loss Lee retreated
0 Union General, George McClellan could have followed Lee’s
army and had a chance to possibly end the war, but did
not-a huge frustration for Lincoln who then fired him
0 Lee’s army suffered heavy casualties and never invaded the
North again
Gettysburg Address
0 “The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here,
but it can never forget what they (the soldiers who died) did
here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the
…great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead
we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the
last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that
these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under
God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of
the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from
the earth.”
0 Abraham Lincoln, 1863
0 What did Lincoln see as the “great remaining task”?
0 Why is this speech one of the most famous in American history?
Battle of Vicksburg
• 1863, Mississippi,
Union win
• Divided the
Confederacy in two
• Union gains control of the
Mississippi River
• Lincoln was impressed by
Grant’s victory and
placed him in charge of
the Union forces
The 54th
• One of the first AfricanAmerican regiments in
the North
• Showed incredible
bravery at Fort Wagner,
one of the first battles to
allow African-American’s
to fight
• Two of Frederick
Douglas’s sons were in
the 54th
• William Carney was the
first African American
to be awarded the
Congressional Medal of
Honor for his bravery
• Philip Bazaar was the
first Hispanic-American
to be awarded the
Congressional Medal of
Honor
“March to the Sea”
0 Grant wanted to further divide the South and devastate the Confederate
army
0 He sent General William T. Sherman and his troops across Georgia from
Atlanta to Savannah, where they tore up railroads, cut telegraph lines,
and burned down farms, businesses, and villages
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
0 Instead of focusing on keeping the Union together,
Lincoln spoke of the sin’s of slavery
0 “One-eighth of the population were colored slaves…These slaves
constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this
interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen,
perpetuate, and extend slavery was the object for which the
insurgents would end the Union even by war, while the Government
claimed no right to do more than restrict the territorial growth of
it…With malice toward none, with charity for all…let us strive to
finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds…to do all
which we may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among
ourselves and with all nations.”
0 What did Lincoln now say was the underlying issue of the Civil
War?
0 What was Lincoln’s attitude towards the future treatment of the
South?
Appomattox Court House
0 The destruction of the South
had caused many
Southerners to give up hope
and more than half of Lee’s
soldiers have deserted and
returned home
0 In April 1865, Richmond, the
capital of the Confederacy fell
to the Union army
0 Lee met Grant at Appomattox
Court House to surrender
0 Lee and his army were
pardoned and their weapons
captured
Lincoln’s Assassination
0 Just days after the war
ended, President Lincoln
was shot and killed by
John Wilkes Booth
0 Booth thought Lincoln
was a tyrant and was set
on destroying the South-If only he knew…