Download Typical disorders of the endocrine system 1. Choose the correct

Typical disorders of the endocrine system
1. Choose the correct option of transpituitary regulation of the endocrine glands:
a) the cerebral cortex – peripheral gland.
+ b) the cerebral cortex - the hypothalamus-pituitary – peripheral gland.
c) the cerebral cortex - the hypothalamus - the nerve conductors - peripheral gland.
d) the cerebral cortex - pituitary - hypothalamus – peripheral gland.
e) subcortical centers - nerve agents – peripheral gland.
2. Transpituitary regulation is the basis for:
a) pancreas; + b) thyroid gland; + c) gonads, d) parathyroid glands; + e) adrenal cortex.
3. Violations of transpituitary regulation are the basis of changes in production of
a) insulin; b) glucagon; c) parathyrin; d) catecholamines; + e) thyroid hormones.
4. Violation of transpituitary regulation is the basis of changes in production of
+ a) TSH; b) aldosterone; c) insulin; d) parathyroid hormone; e) glucagon.
5. Basis of the violation of feedback mechanism is
+ a) reducing the sensitivity of hypothalamic centers sensing fluctuations in hormone
concentrations in the blood; b) the decrease in the production of liberins; c) the increase in the
production of statins; d) an increase in anterior pituitary hormone production; e) reduction of the
production of statins.
6. Metabolism of hormones is disrupted in diseases of
+ a) liver; b) the spleen; c) heart; d) lungs; e) nervous system.
7. Hypoproteinemia is accompanied by
+ a) an increase in the fraction of free hormone and increasing their effects; b) an increase in
the fraction of free hormone and a decrease in their effects; c) a decrease in the fraction of free
hormone and a decrease in their effects; d) a decrease in the fraction of free hormone and an
increase in their effects; e) the perverse effect of hormones.
8. The peripheral (outside glandular) breaking mechanism of activity of hormones are:
a) deficiency of substrates for the formation of hormones;
b) a hereditary defect of enzymes for biosynthesis of hormones;
c) adenoma of neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus;
d) congenital anomalies of development of glands;
+ e) the blockade of hormone receptors.
9. Peripheral breaking mechanism of activity of hormones are:
+ a) Disturbance of the hormone binding to plasma proteins
+ b) blockade of hormone receptors
c) Disturbance of generating releasing hormones of the hypothalamus
+ d) Inactivation of circulating hormone
e) Disturbance of hormone synthesis
10. When eosinophilic pituitary adenoma during growth of the organism develops
a) acromegaly + b) gigantism c) dysplasia d) pituitary dwarfism; e) Itsenko-Cushing's disease.
11. Basophilic adenoma of the adenohypophysis leads to the development of
a) gigantism; b) acromegaly; c) hyperthyroidism; + d) Itsenko-Cushing's disease; e) Simmonds
disease.
12. When partial hypofunction of the anterior pituitary may develops
+ a) hypogonadism; b) Itsenko-Cushing's disease.
13. Reducing the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone leads to
a) reduction of synthesis of insulin; + b) a decrease in the synthesis of adrenal hormones;
c) a decrease in the synthesis of hormones of the adrenal medulla; d) an increase in the synthesis
of thyroid hormones; e) an increase in the synthesis of sex hormones.
14. Exceeding production adrenocorticotropic hormone to increased secretion:
a) Insulin
b) PTH
c) Thyroxine
+ d) Cortisol
e) Adrenaline
15. The sudden cancellation of long-term corticosteroid therapy leads to insufficiency of:
a) parathyroid hormone; b) growth hormone; c) epinephrine; + d) cortisol.
16. The sudden cancellation of long-term corticosteroid therapy leads to insufficiency of:
a) parathyroid hormone; b) growth hormone; c) epinephrine; + d) ACTH.
17. Hyperproduction growth hormone can lead to
+ a) Gigantism
b) pituitary dwarfism.
18. Hypoproduction of growth hormone at an early age is manifested in the form of
a) acromegaly; b) pituitary cachexia; c) adiposogenital dystrophy; d) pituitary gigantism;
+ e) pituitary dwarfism.
19. When partial anterior pituitary hypofunction may develops:
a) arterial hypertension; b) Cushing's disease; c) hyperthyroidism; + d) dwarfism; e) Basedow's
disease.
20. The development of diabetes insipidus is caused by
a) the hypersecretion of vasopressin; + b) hyposecretion of vasopressin; c) aldosterone
hypersecretion; d) hyposecretion of aldosterone; e) presence in blood insulin antagonists.
21. Damage of neurohypophysis is accompanied by impaired secretion of
a) thyroid-stimulating hormone; b) growth hormone; c) adrenocorticotropic hormone;
d) prolactin; + e) vasopressin.
22. Antidiuretic hormone deficiency is characterized by
+ a) polyuria, hypostenuria, polydipsia; b) polyuria, hyperstenuria, polydipsia; c) oliguria,
edema; d) glycosuria, polyuria, polydipsia; e) oliguria, proteinuria, hematuria.
23. Changing the secretion of oxytocin plays a role in the pathogenesis of
+ a) violations of childbirth; b) disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes mellitus;
c) violation of circadian rhythms "wakefulness - sleep"; d) development of myxedema; e) diffuse
toxic goiter.
24. Hyperproduction of glucocorticoids causes
a) hypoglycemia; b) a positive nitrogen balance; + c) increase in blood pressure; d) increased
bone ossification; e) lowering the excitability of the nervous system.
25. The excitation of the central nervous system, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia,
osteoporosis, lymphocytolysis are observed at hyperproduction of
a) melanostimulating hormone; b) parathyroid hormone; c) sex hormones;
+ d) glucocorticosteroids; e) catecholamines.
26. Cause Addison's disease most often
a) adrenal hypertrophy
+ b) adrenal atrophy
c) pituitary tumor
d) Autoimmune thyroiditis
e) Hyperplasia epiphysis
27. Conn's syndrome (primary aldosteronism) is manifested by
a) loss of sodium and potassium delay; + b) the retention of sodium and loss of potassium;
c) oliguria; d) hypotension; e) accumulation of hydrogen ions.
28. If not enough iodine in the diet is developing
a) autoimmune thyroiditis; b) hyperthyroidism; c) hypoparathyroidism;
+ d) endemic goiter; e) diffuse toxic goiter.
29. In severe cases of hypothyroidism in adults arises
+ a) cretinism; + b) myxedema; c) eunuch syndrome; d) dwarfism; e) hypergonadism.
30. Hypothyroidism is the basis of
+ a) myxedema; b) endemic goiter.
31. An excess of thyroid hormone occurs in
a) myxedema; + b) diffuse toxic goiter; c) endemic cretinism; d) acromegaly; e) insulinoma.
32. Specify the possible causes of hyperthyroidism
+ a) the excess of TSH; b) an excess of insulin.
33. Enlargement of the thyroid gland, exophthalmus, increase of basal metabolism and heat
production, tachycardia, increased mental excitability are characteristic
a) diabetes mellitus; b) hypothyroidism; c) Addison's disease; + d) Basedow's disease;
d) Cushing's disease.
34. Increment concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone in blood hypothyroidism
indicates the localization of the pathological process in
a) by the pituitary gland
+ b) of the thyroid gland
c) of the parathyroid glands
d) of the hypothalamus
e) of the thymus
35. Hypoparathyroidism occurs when the pathology of
a) the gonads; b) thyroid gland; + c) parathyroid glands; d) thymus; e) pancreas.
36. The manifestation of hormonally active tumors of the adenohypophysis are:
+ a) acromegaly; + b) gigantism; + c) hypercortisolism; d) secondary aldosteronism; e) primary
aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome).
37. Excessive production of ACTH leads to increased secretion of:
+ a) androgenic corticosteroids; b) norepinephrine; c) insulin; d) epinephrine; + e) cortisol.
38. Insufficiency which hormones can occur in the body after the sudden cancellation of
long-term corticosteroid therapy?
a) parathyroid hormone; + b) cortisol; c) epinephrine; d) ACTH; e) ADH.
39. In which cases increased secretion of aldosterone?
+ a) decrease in volume of circulating blood; b) an increase in volume of circulating blood;
+ c) hyponatremia and hyperkalemia; d) hypernatremia and hypokalemia;
+ e) increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system.
40. When insulin deficiency hyperglycemia is caused by:
+ a) decreasing glucose utilization by tissues; + b) an increase in hepatic glucose production
(gluconeogenesis); c) an increase in lipogenesis; d) all of the above factors.