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Chapter 18
planets
Lesson 1
What Makes up the
Universe?
• The universe is all of space and
everything in it.
• A Galaxy is a system of dust, gas, and
many millions of stars held together
by gravity.
• We live in the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky
Way is shaped like a flat spiral.
• Astronomy is
the study of the
Sun, Moon, stars,
and the other
objects in space.
The Solar System
• The Solar System includes
the Sun, the planets, their
moons, and other objects.
• Gravity is the force that
keeps Earth and other
objects in their orbits
• The Sun is so massive
that its gravity pulls the
planets toward it.
• gravity video
Inner Planets
The 4 closest planets to
the sun.
They are all small and
rocky.
Inner Planets Video
Mercury
• Closest plant to the Sun.
• Covered with craters or dents shaped like bowls
• Mercury is extremely hot during the day and is
very cold at night because there is not an
atmosphere to keep in the heat.
• The Mariner 10 is a space probe that visited
Mercury in 1974. A space probe is a vehicle
that carries cameras and other tools for
studying different objects in space.
• If you weighed 100lbs on Earth, you would
weigh 38lbs on Mercury!
Mercury Video
Venus
• Venus rotates in the opposite direction than Earth.
• Venus has an atmosphere, but the clouds are poisonous.
• The clouds reflect the Sun’s light which makes it one of the
brightest objects in the sky.
• If you weighed 100 lbs on Earth, you would weigh 91 lbs
on Venus (you would be heavier on Venus because the
pull of gravity is stronger)
Earth
• 3rd planet from the sun
• Earth is the solar system’s largest Rocky
Planet.
• Most of Earth’s surface is covered in
water.
• Only planet in the solar system known
to support life.
Mars
•
4th planet from the Sun
•
Soil contains iron oxide, which gives it a reddish-brown color.
Called the “Red Planet”
•
Has 2 moons
•
If you weighed 100 lbs on Earth, you would weigh 38lbs on
Mars.
•
It has large canyons and volcanoes.
Mars video 10 minutes
Gas Giants
aka Outer Planets
Gas gaint- a planet made
of mostly gases
These planets are all behind
the asteroid belt.
They have many moons.
Gas Giants Video 26 minutes
Jupiter Planets
•
5th planet from the Sun
•
Largest planet in our solar system
•
It is so large that if it was hollow inside all the other planets would fit inside.
•
Jupiter has many moons, Galileo was the first person to see the four
largest moons through his telescope in 1610. (They are about the size of
Earth’s moon)
•
Has a large red spot which is actually a large storm. (The storm is more
than 3 times the size of Earth!)
•
Has rings that are very dark and can not be seen from Earth.
•
If you weighed 100 lbs on Earth, you would weigh 214 lbs on Jupiter!
Jupiter Video
Saturn
• 6th planet from the Sun
• Has large rings. The rings are made up of
everything from dust to large boulders.
• Galileo saw the rings from earth and
thought they were handles in the 1600’s
• Has 34 moons.
• If you weighed 100lbs on Earth, you would
weigh 74 lbs on Saturn
Mystery of Saturn’s Rings
Uranus
• 7th Planet from the Sun
• Rotates on its side
• This is the largest planet you can see from earth with
out a telescope.
• Atmosphere is made up of methane which is a liquid
and gives Uranus its fuzzy blue-green look
• It has dark rings that cannot be seen by telescopes on
Earth
• Has at least 27 moons
• If you weighed 100lbs on Earth, you would weigh 86 lbs
on Uranus.
Uranus
Neptune
• 8th Planet
• Smallest of the gas planets, but it is still very large. It
could hold 60 Earths inside if it was hollow.
• Has strong winds that blow huge storms across the
planet.
• Has at least 13 moons. Triton is the largest of its moons
and is the coldest body in our entire Solar System
• If you weighed 100 lbs on Earth, you would weigh 110
lbs on Neptune!
• Mysteries of Neptune and Uranus
Our little “Dwarf
Planet” - PLUTO
• Not considered a Gas Giant, in fact, it is the
smallest in the whole solar system (it’s even
smaller that Earth’s moon)
• It has an icy, solid surface
• Pluto has an odd, tilted orbit
• If you weighed 100 lbs on Earth, you would
weigh 8 lbs on Pluto.
Pluto's Orbit
Planets in Order
Planets Song
Planets Song
Mercury is the closest planet to the sun
Venus comes next it's the hottest one
Earth comes third the only life that we know
Mars has the largest canyon and volcano
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
The gassy planet Jupiter, the largest you will find
Saturn has rings around the outside
Uranus is funny ‘cause it spins on its side
Neptune looks blue, the coldest of its kind
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Okay get ready
We're gonna say all the planets really, really, really fast
Can you keep up?
We're gonna say all the planets from the first to the last
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune