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Biology 118, Exam 3A, Autumn 2015
Biology 118, Nov. 12, 2015
Exam 3, Version A
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Name _______________________________________
Mark your name, ID number, & test version (A, B, C, D...) on your answer sheet.
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Answer these questions on your own after class (ie. when you see your test results), if you want to
meet with me to discuss how to improve:
How will you change your study habits or try to sharpen specific skills? Please be specific.
Did you come to all of the lectures? If not, did you watch the screen casts? ___________________
What was your total study time (hours) outside of class? ________________________
What % of that total study time did you spend at each of the following?
____________ % Reading the book
____________% Reading the class notes & notes you took in class
____________% Creating summaries of each lecture
____________% Attending a review & seeking advice from peers or Dr. Petersen outside of class.
____________% Discussing with a group of other students
Estimate the % of points you lost to each of the following:
________% Didn’t understand a major concept. Concept was ____________________________
________% Question was too specific (i.e. missed out on some depth in the material)
________% Wasn’t careful (i.e. careless mistakes in reading or filling in bubble sheet)
________% Changed answers: from right to wrong – second guessing
Biology 118, Exam 3A, Autumn 2015
Figure A
Dose-response analysis between dietary fiber &
risk of colorectal cancer.
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Figure B
Prevalence trends for child overweight and obesity in
the USA and 8 low-income & middle-income countries.
Aune D, Chan DSM, Lau, R, et al. (2011) BMJ 343:d6617
Lobstein T, Jackson-Leach R, Moodie ML, et al. (2015) Lancet 385: 2510–2520.
Figure C
Figure D
2833 invasive breast cancer cases, women ~ 73 years old at
diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier survival probability by diabetes
status for breast cancer-specific mortality and non-cancer
related mortality. BC = breast cancer.
All analyses were adjusted for sex, baseline age,
smoking status, and body-mass index. Participants
with known preexisting cardiovascular disease at
baseline were excluded from all analyses.
Luo J, Hendryx M, Virnig B, et al. (2015) British Journal of Cancer 113: 827–832
Seshasai, Kaptoge, Thompson, et al., (2011) N Engl J Med 364:829-841.
Figure E
Figure F
Risk of major bleeding above; Warfarin or aspirin (ASA)
Risk of minor bleeding below; Warfarin or aspirin (ASA)
Bleeding risk in cardiovascular patients in randomized controlled trials.
Warkentin, Donadini, Spencer, et al. (2012) J Thromb Haemost 10(4):512–520.
Minimum RBC density = uninfected red blood cells in mice
Max. asexual parasite density in different strains of malaria
Metcalf, Long, Mideo, et al. (2012) J R Soc Interface doi:10.1098/rsif.2012.0340
Biology 118, Exam 3A, Autumn 2015
HDL – high density lipoprotein
MMR – measles, mumps, rubella
LDL – low density lipoprotein
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SA/V – surface area to volume
tPA – tissue plasminogen activator
TPO - thrombopoeitin
1.
Exposure to ______ antigen(s) from a pathogen will activate ______ clone(s) of B cells, in a specific immune response.
a. One – only one
b. One – all
c. Many – only one
d. Many – all
2.
Many pathogens have a huge advantage, relative to our cells, because their ____ SA/V ratio ______ their metabolic rate.
a. Higher – decreases
b. Lower – decreases
c. Higher – increases
d. Lower – increases
3.
Which of these can improve your immune’s responses to an infection?
a. Obesity
b. Moderate physical activity
c. Extreme physical activity
d. Starvation
4.
______ is/are produced by the _____ and can drill “holes” in bacterial cells.
a. Lysozyme – liver
b. Plasminogen – bone marrow
c. Complement proteins – liver
d. Interferon – bone marrow
5.
In Fig. A, as dietary fiber ____ the risk of colorectal cancer _______.
a. Increases – doesn’t change
b. Increases – decreases
c. Decreases – decreases
d. Decreases – doesn’t change
6.
Common features of lymphatic tissues, during an infection include ______.
a. Lymph nodes shrinking in size
b. Speeding up the flow of lymph
c. Releasing activated white blood cells
d. Breakdown of reticular fiber mesh
7.
The hygiene hypothesis suggests that the ____ exposure to microbes in childhood leads to ______ diseases.
a. Lack of – autoimmune
b. Increased – more infectious
c. Increased – autoimmune
d. Lack of – more infectious
8.
Antibodies _____________.
a. Are toxic to our cells
b. Enhance phagocyte actions
c. Live for years
d. Attract pathogens by chemotaxis
Biology 118, Exam 3A, Autumn 2015
9.
Ewald proposed that pathogens that are transmitted by ______ can be highly virulent. A good example is ______.
a. Mosquitos – Dengue fever
b. Direct person to person contact – Cold virus
c. Direct person to person contact – Chlamydia
d. Mosquitos – Chickenpox
10. Which event can lead to anemia?
a. Kidney failure
b. Lack of exercise
c. Move to 10,000 ft elevation
d. Eat a high protein diet
11. Which event can increase platelet production?
a. Fatty liver disease
b. Infection/Inflammation
c. Low Vitamin K
d. Decline in TPO production
12. Cancer cells may be recognized first by _____ that detect _____ antigens on their membranes.
a. Killer (Cytotoxic) T – self
b. Dendritic cells – non-self/tumor specific
c. Mast cells – self
d. Platelets – non-self/tumor specific
13. ______ are most likely to evolve resistance to antibiotics when ______.
a. Humans – we use them regularly
b. Bacteria – we don’t use all of a prescription for an infection
c. Humans – we put antibiotics in cattle feed
d. Bacteria – we use narrow spectrum ones rarely
14. Our skin protects us from the entry of many pathogens with the aid of this anti-microbial chemical.
a. Pyrogen
b. Lymphotoxin
c. Lysozyme
d. Plasmin
15. From childhood to old age, the ______ shrinks, but the number of unique types of memory cells should _______.
a. Thymus – decrease
b. Spleen – decrease
c. Thymus – increase
d. Spleen – increase
16. Which of these types of organisms has cells with a haploid (N) genome, ribosomes but not a nucleus?
a. Virus
b. Human
c. Bacteria
d. Protist
17. In Fig. B, prevalence (%) of overweight & obese children has increased ____; this may lead to an increase in _____.
a. Only in the U.S. –Type II Diabetes
b. In all countries – cancer rates
c. Only in the U.S. – taller adults
d. In all countries – healthier adults
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Biology 118, Exam 3A, Autumn 2015
18. Which of these is an example of acquired, but passive immunity?
a. Maternal antibodies in a newborn
b. Memory cells for an infection
c. MMR vaccine
d. Using antibiotics
19. Which cell spends all of its time in tissue spaces and promotes inflammation when an infection occurs?
a. Neutrophil
b. B cell
c. Mast cell
d. Monocyte
20. Our immune system will use ______ to fight low virulence pathogens and _____ to fight high virulence pathogens.
a. Only non-specific cells – only specific cells
b. Both non-specific & specific immunity – both non-specific & specific immunity
c. Only specific cells – only non-specific cells
d. Only physical & chemical barriers – give up trying
21. A pathogen that _______ may more readily evade our immune system.
a. Has numerous antigens
b. Never changes its antigens
c. Enters a host’s cells
d. Can’t use horizontal gene exchange
22. The MMR vaccine uses ______ pathogens so there is a small risk of acquiring the disease itself, but scientists have found
_____ evidence that links the MMR vaccine to autism.
a. Dead – no
b. Live, attenuated – strong
c. Live, attenuated – no
d. Dead – strong
23. Which event causes the largest increase in blood viscosity?
a. Mild dehydration
b. Blood doping
c. Anemia
d. Influenza
24. Metastatic cancer cells form as a result of _____ mutation(s). These cells have _____ ability to divide (do mitosis).
a. 1 – lost the
b. many – lost the
c. 1 – an unlimited
d. many – an unlimited
25. Pathogens enter lymph capillaries ____ than they enter blood capillaries. Lymph fluid moves down a ____ gradient.
a. More easily – pressure
b. Less easily – pressure
c. More easily – concentration
d. Less easily – concentration
26. Platelets have receptors on their surface for ______, and platelets release chemicals that _______.
a. Fibrin – inhibit thrombin production
b. Plasmin – increase thrombin production
c. Fibrin – attract other platelets
d. Plasmin – repel other platelets
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Biology 118, Exam 3A, Autumn 2015
27. Fig. C shows that in older women diagnosed with breast cancer, the most frequent deaths were due to _____ in ____.
a. Breast cancer – diabetic individuals
b. Other causes – diabetic individuals
c. Breast cancer – non-diabetic individuals
d. Other causes – non-diabetic individuals
28. Which type of pathogen reproduces by replication?
a. Round worm
b. Protest
c. Bacteria
d. Virus
29. The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ, __________.
a. And it produces red blood cells throughout our lifetime
b. And if it is removed, your immune system works just as effectively
c. But it may rupture because of physical trauma or certain infections
d. But it contains only B & T cells
30. Which of these is the most powerful phagocytic cell (eats the most)?
a. Macrophage
b. Eosinophil
c. Killer T cell
d. Neutrophil
31. Which type of cell is produced from the stem cell called a hemocytoblast?
a. Erythrocyte
b. Neutrophil
c. Platelet
d. All of these
32. Over the last decade, the incidence of ____ cancer has declined amongst men because of the decline in _____.
a. Melanoma – sun burns
b. Lung - smoking
c. Liver – fatty liver disease
d. Thyroid – age at puberty
33. Which Vitamin is needed to produce some of the clotting factors?
a. A
b. K
c. C
d. D
34. Fig. D shows that the group with the _____ mean fasting glucose levels have the ______ risk of death from cancer.
a. Lowest – highest
b. Highest – lowest
c. Highest – highest
d. Any of the – same
35. The ______ have a faster, and more amplified response during a secondary (2nd exposure to same pathogen).
a. B & T cells
b. Macrophages
c. NK (natural killer) cells
d. Mast cells
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Biology 118, Exam 3A, Autumn 2015
36. The surfaces of our tonsils have _____ that are covered with _____ to help trap air & food borne pathogens.
a. Deep pits – cilia
b. Spikes – mucus
c. Deep pits – mucus
d. Spikes – cilia
37. Which of these is a benefit of a fever?
a. Increased metabolic rate of white blood cells
b. Increased metabolic rate of bacteria
c. Dehydration and acidosis
d. Cooling of limbs
38. Adipose tissues leads to a(n) _________, promoting the growth of tumors.
a. Decrease in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
b. Increase in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)
c. Decrease in angiogenesis (growth of blood vessels)
d. Increase in NK (Natural Killer) cells
39. _____ is the toxic breakdown product from hemoglobin, that is primarily excreted through ______.
a. Iron – kidney
b. Globin – sweat
c. Bilirubin – bile
d. Heme – tears
40. Injections of ______ can act quickly to “bust up” abnormal clots if someone had a heart attack.
a. Gamma globulin
b. Vitamin K
c. tPA
d. Prothrombin
41. Fig. E shows that _____ use produces a higher risk of causing _____ bleeding episodes amongst heart patients.
a. Aspirin – minor
b. Aspirin – major
c. Warfarin – minor
d. Warfarin – major
42. Which pair of diseases are the leading causes of infectious deaths in developing countries?
a. Influenza & Pneumonia
b. HIV/AIDS & Tuberculosis
c. Smallpox & Mumps
d. Ebola & West Nile virus
43. Abnormally low levels of _____ could ____ the activation of a T cell clone in a primary (1st exposure) immune response.
a. Suppressor T cells – delay
b. Macrophages/dendritic cells – delay
c. Neutrophils/microphages – speed up
d. B cells – speed up
44. Albumin is a _____ plasma protein that _______.
a. Rare – transports lipids
b. Common – is a clotting factor
c. Rare – is a clotting factor
d. Common – transports lipids
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Biology 118, Exam 3A, Autumn 2015
45. In Fig. F, the malaria strain with the lowest parasite density in the blood is the _____ virulent, and likely to take the ____
time before a new individual is infected, compared to the other strains. Malaria transmits using a mosquito “vector”.
a. Least – longest
b. Most – longest
c. Least – shortest
d. Most – shortest
46. _______ platelets erect small “arms” when the peripheral microtubules move _____.
a. Activated – centrally
b. Dead – out of the cell
c. Activated – out of the cell
d. Dead – centrally
47. _______ may be produced by virally infected cells to ______ neighboring cells.
a. Complement – kill
b. Interferon – kill
c. Complement – warn
d. Interferon – warn
48. Drugs called _______ help lower overall plasma cholesterol by increasing ______.
a. Prothrombin – LDL delivery to tissues
b. Statins – LDL receptors on the liver
c. Statins – HDL production by the liver
d. Prothrombin – liver production of cholesterol
49. Helper T cells can ____ to help fight infections.
a. Release lymphotoxins
b. Release perforin
c. Produce antibodies
d. Help activate B cells
50. Which type of cell increases late in an infection in order to turn off an immune response?
a. NK (Natural killer) cell
b. Helper T cell
c. Suppressor T cell
d. Mast cell
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