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Chapter 23
The Coming of War
Page 770
Section 1
Dictators and War
• Explain how dictators and militaristic regimes
arose in the 1930’s
• Summarize the actions taken by aggressive
regimes in Europe and Asia
• Analyze the responses of Britain, France, and
the U.S.
• The terrible world economy would allow
dictators to rise up in several countries
Section 1
The Rise of Dictators
• The end of WWI was suppose to end all wars
• However, the world wide recession of the
1930’s would allow many irrational dictators
to rise to power
Russia
• Joseph Stalin would come to power in the
1920’s
• Wanted to modernize the backward country
• Russia and the U.S. did have a positive
relationship economically in politically
• However, disagreed with the ways Stalin
quieted political dissent which would not
become evident till after WWII
• Known for the purges of his own peopleGreat Terror- possibly 10 million
Fascism
• How is Fascism different than communism or
socialism??
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=play
er_embedded&v=4r2kol25FKs
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The State has absolute power
Everything is done for the good of the nation
The nation grants or refuses rights.
Political system
Mussolini and Italian Fascism
• Italy’s economy would plummet after WWI
• Benito Mussolini, a blacksmith’s son and war
veteran, would use his powerful charisma and
oratory prowess to rise to power
• Played on people’s fears of Communism to set
up a Fascists state
• Promised to build Italy into powerful state
once again
• Kept political power buy deploying blackshirts
• Crush political dissent, outlaw political parties
Rise of Nazi Germany
• War torn German economy can’t recover,
especially under the pressure of war
reparations
• 1920’s, extremists groups promise renewed
prosperity. Communist and Fascist Nazis
• Adolf Hitler would arise as leader of Nazi
Party- National socialist German Workers
Party
• First attempt to overthrow Weimar Gov’t
failed- put in jail in 1922- Wrote Mein Kampfmy struggle- Blamed Jews, Communist,
traitors, cowards, and German Gov’t for WWI
defeat. German Army didn’t actually lose
• 1933, Convinced President to make Hitler
Chancellor
• Gov’t building set on fire. Claimed was a
communist uprising. Used as excuse to take
complete power
• Once in power, began a huge rearmament
program and stressed Nationalism
• Scapegoat philosophy- blamed all of
Germany’s problems on the Jews and the
signers of the Treaty of Versailles
• Anti-Semitism official policy of gov’t
• Kristallnacht- night of Broken Glass
• http://vimeo.com/14007531
Japan Militarism
• Extreme nationalist coming to power in Japan
and wanted to expand the power and empire
of Japan
• 70 million and not much resources in Japan
• When hard economic times hit, the extremist
took over
• In 1931, invaded rich Manchuria
• U.S. and League of Nations did nothing
• Rape of Nanking??
From Neutrality to War
• Italy turns to Fascism to solve poverty and
unemployment
• In 1935 Italian Army invaded Ethiopia
• League of Nations condemned actions but did
nothing
• Violated the Kellogg Briand Pact
Civil War in Spain
• 1931 Spain changed from Monarchy to
Republic
• General Francisco Franco leads army against
the gov’t
• Became world affair as many Americans and
Soviets helped loyalist while Germany and
Italy helped Franco
• Franco- Nationalist- actually Fascists
• Republican- Democracy
• 1939, Franco wins and democracy is lost
Germany Expands
• 1935 Hitler announces they will no longer
honor treaty of Versailles and they rearm
• Enlarges Army, Navy, and Air force
• March 1936, sent army into Rhineland, which
was suppose to be demilitarized
• Allies did nothing.
– Why?
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1.
2.
3.
4.
• Allies were using strategy of appeasement- give
Hitler part of what he wants. Hitler would not
stop
• Lebensraum- living space
• Hitler Annexes Austria- Anschluss- Austria did
nothing to stop this
• Next Hitler turned on Czechoslovakia
• Three million Germans lived in Sudetenland, part
of Czechoslovakia
• British ambassador Chamberlain at Munich
Conference allows this to happen- Munich Pact
• “We have peace in our time”
• Hitler said he would take no more
Appeasement
• Why did the Allies appease Hitler??
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Tired of War
Germany better than Soviets
Are allies united?
Many territories were full of Germans
Section 2
From Isolation to Involvement
• Obj: understand the course of the early years
of WWII
• Describe FDR’s foreign policy
• Explain how the U.S. became more involved in
the conflict
• As conditions in Europe and Asia turned for
the worst, the U.S. could not remain on the
sidelines
FDR Opposes Aggression
• FDR condemned the actions of Germany,
Japan, and Italy, but did nothing
War Erupts in Europe
• By 1938, France and Britain no longer willing
to Appease Hitler
• Hitler worried about Russia- signs NonAggression Pact- secretly agree to divide
Poland
• Hitler uses Blitzkrieg to attack Poland
• Sep, 1st, 1939- by Sep 17 Poland is taken
• Allies still did noting
Alliances
• Axis – Tripartite Pact
– 1.
– 2.
–3
• Allies 1.
– 2.
–3
–4
–5
Hitler Triumphant
• Hitler then opened up on all of Europe
• 1940 took Denmark, Norway, Belgium and the
Netherlands
• By the end of 1940, had defeated the French
and forced the British Army from the
continent at Dunkirk- Miracle of Dunkirk?
• Captured Paris on June 17, 1940 and France
Surrendered
• Great Britain now stood alone
Battle of Britain
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Winston Churchill- PM of Britain
Operation Sea Lion- Hitler’s plan to invade GB
German Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air Force
German forces bombed major cities for a year
straight- the Blitz
• Could not destroy British air force- canceled
invasion
Hitler Invades Soviet Union
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Before Nazis defeat GB, invade Soviet Union
Successful at first
Russia huge nation and huge army
Stupid idea
Debating America’s role
• FDR pledges U.S. would remain Neutral
• Neutrality Acts-35,36,37- why??
• However we agree to supply warring nations as
long as they paid in cash- Neutrality Act of 1939
• Also passed Selective Training and Service Act of
1940- first peace time draft- triples the size of the
army• Defense spending from 1.8 billion to 6 billion
• U.S. wants to stay out, but be prepared
Arguments
• Interventionists-
• Isolationists-
Moving Towards War
• FDR- 4 freedoms
• Britain running out of money
• U.S. gives even more to Great Britain in the
Lend-Lease Act- allowed U.S. to sell, lend, or
lease war materials to allies- Arsenal of
Democracy- sent 40 billion in supplies
• FDR also uses American destroyers to protect
British shipping against U-boats
• U-boats start sinking American ships
• U.S. still officially neutral
• U-Boats sunk several U.S. ships
• FDR give order to sink U-Boats
Relations with Japan
• Japan expanding empire in Pacific threatens
U.S. superiority
• FDR announces oil embargo against Japan
• Peace talks take place, but looks like heading
for war with Japan
• Hideki Tojo- Japanese Military General and
Prime Minister
• Began a plan to knock U.S. out of Pacific
Attack on Pear Harbor
• Morning of December 7th 1941 U.S. became
aware of impending attack by Japanese
– Too Late
• 353 Japanese planes struck at Pearl Harbor
killing more than 2,300 Americans and
destroying 18 ships and 150 aircraft
• Roosevelt Asked Congress for a declaration of
War next day
• Rallied Americans to support war
Results
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Could have been worse
Third wave was canceled
Our Carriers were not in the Harbor
Only USS Arizona, USS Oklahoma, and USS
Utah damaged beyond repair
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10Nsnoyf
n5o
Fierce Fighting in the Pacific
• Japanese took the initiative
• December 1941- Also take Guam, Wake Island,
and Hong Kong from U.S.
• Invades Philippines
• Douglas MacArthur ordered to flee, but has to
leave his troops behind
• After holding out, 75,000 American and
Filipinos surrender
• U.S. almost entirely out of the Pacific
Japan Marches on
• Invades New Guinea, and prepares to invade
Australia and New Guinea
• Also moving into Southeast Asia, further into
China, and invaded India
U.S. Strike Back
• Doolittle Raid- Attack on Japan
• Little effect militarily, but moral booster
• Battle of Coral Sea- Japan and U.S. face off in
May 1942 near the Solomon Islands
• Battle a draw but first time forced the
Japanese to withdraw