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China The History of China 1300-1900 China Today: What do you know? Early China (1300-1800) • One of the world’s earliest civilizations – at least 67,000 years old • Relatively isolated from foreign influence – Westerners arrive in 1500’s • Trade was used with restrictions • Isolationism was primary focus Qing Dynasty 1691-1910 1st dynasty to unite China under one ruling family 1st built in 5th century BC Major construction from 1386-1644 Over 4,000 miles long! Life in Early China • Most Chinese were farmers • Men dominated households What is tradition? • Attempted to preserve tradition China & Self-sufficiency • 1793 England visits Qing emperor – Chinese are not “interested” in western goods • Opium smuggled into China – 12 million Chinese opium addicts • China outraged with England Opium War of 1839 • China suffers humiliating defeat against Great Britain • 1842 sign the peace Treaty of Nanjing – Forced to give up Hong Kong – Opened up China to trade from foreigners • (Russia, France, US, Germany) Qing Dynasty in decline • Population explosion – 430 million in 1850 • Food production did not grow quickly enough – Hunger widespread • Military very weak • Government Corrupt Combination makes change inevitable Taiping Rebellion • 1850-64 1 million rebels fight Qing Dynasty – Mainly peasant soldiers • Goal: To build a fair & equal China • End Result: – Economically devastating to China – Over 20 million people die of starvation – Signals large change for China in the future Foreign Influence grows • Foreigners increasingly dominate Chinese economy – Built railroads, • Peasants & workers resent the “special” privileges of foreigners • 1900 “Boxer” Rebellion against foreigners Boxer Rebellion 8- Country International troops defeat Boxers Japan, Russia, Great Britain, U.S., France, Germany, Italy, Austria Qing Dynasty Falls • Boxer rebellion raised nationalism in China • 1908 Qing dynasty announces a full constitutional government will be in place by 1917 • 1912 the Republic of China formed • Country falls into Civil War Journal #1: • Describe the history, culture & tradition of China between 1300-1800 • Describe the influence of the Opium War of 1839 on China. Qing Dynasty Opium War 1691 1839 Taiping Rebellion 1850-64 Boxer Rebellion 1900 Civil War 1917 China Summary • Chinese society was based on tradition • Western influence was forced and came late to China • Opium War of 1839 changes China • China falls into civil war 1900-1950 as Qing dynasty collapses
