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Human Organization Cells- smallest living unit Tissues- group of similar cells Organs- group of tissues doing a job Systems- groups of related organs working together ex... We will study these Human Systems Has blood, blood vessels, and a heart? Circulatory System Bony support system? Skeletal System Human Systems Moves the bones? Muscular System Produces new humans using sperm and egg? Reproductive System Human Systems Controls body by electricity? Nervous System Controls body by chemicals? Endocrine System Human Systems Provides oxygen to our cells? Respiratory System Removes wastes? Excretory System ... and our 1st system??? Stop at intestine section Digestion- process of breaking food down into usable molecules. Physical- large to small pieces using teeth and tongue Digestion- breaking down food Chemicalbreaking small pieces into molecules using chemicals called enzymes Types of Foods Carbohydrates- 70% of diet. Starches and sugars are digested to glucose. Used for energy. Protein- 20% of diet. Digested to amino acids which are used to build human protein. Types of Foods(cont.) Fats- 10% of diet. Digested into fatty acids which are needed in small amounts for healthy cells. *Most meals have all three types of foods in them. Hey buddy, how about a peanut butter sandwich? I dare you! Come on dude, do it! The Evolution of a Peanut Butter Sandwich or... Parts and functions of the Human Digestive System! Digestive Organs Teeth- physical digestion Saliva glandsenzymes for carbohydrates. Moistens food Tongue - swallows food to back of throat Esophagusmoves food to stomach by wavy, muscular contractions called peristalsis Stomachstorage sac and a site of physical (muscles) and chemical (acid + enzymes) digestion The Stomach? Not!!! This is the stomach! A J-shaped organ about the size of two fists. It’s located under your left rib cage Jobs of the Stomach Stores food so that only small amounts pass to the small intestine at one time. Starts Digestion: Physical- muscles Chemical- acid and enzymes Inside the Stomach Acid/Enzyme glands Muscle Walls Sphincter Muscles Stomach Problems! Minor Stomach Problems Acid indigestion-too much acid secreted. Nausea- stomach may choose to reverse peristalsis Stomach cramps-FALSE usually gas in intestines Major Stomach Problems Ulcers- acid burns a hole in stomach muscle Stomach cancer- cancer cells grow and take over the stomach. Can remove stomach Gastroesophageal RefluxWhat do you think that is??? Small intestine - most important organ in digestive system 1st 12 inches finishes digestion using enzymes from liver, gall bladder, and pancreas Last 19 feet is used to absorb digested food molecules into the bloodstream The first 12 inches gets enzymes from the: Liver- produces bile for digesting fats (+ lots more!!!) Gall bladder- stores bile and delivers it to the small intestine Bile duct- carries bile to small intestine Liver Gall Bladder Pancreas- makes a special enzyme for each food type: Carbohydrates, Fats, and Protein p.s. Also makes insulin for absorbing glucose into cells. The Liver, Gall Bladder and Pancreas all empty their enzymes into the first 12 inches of the small intestine(the duodenum). The small intestine is the most powerful chemical digestion organ!! The job of the last 19 feet is absorption of digested food molecules. Appendix Video Absorptionmovement of molecules by “diffusion” through the small and large intestine to the bloodstream. Not only is the small intestine 20 feet long, but the inside surface is filled with villi which increase the absorption area of small Nutrients Absorbed Calories of energymostly from carbohydrates (glucose) Body builders- mainly from proteins (amino acids) Nutrients Absorbed Regulators- tune up the body (“oils your body”) – fatty acids from fats – vitamins and minerals – water ... plus anything else that is small enough to pass through the small intestine. Large Intestine Rectum Anus H2O and Enzymes Large Intestine (colon)reabsorbs water and enzymes into bloodstream Wastes The Digestive System Eating, Digesting, Absorbing, Pooping all make us healthy and happy!