Download Ch. 10 Powerpoint

Human Organization
Cells- smallest living unit
 Tissues- group of similar cells
 Organs- group of tissues
doing a job
 Systems- groups of related
organs working together ex...

We will study these
Human Systems
Has blood, blood
vessels, and a heart?
Circulatory System
 Bony support system?
Skeletal System

Human Systems
Moves the bones?
Muscular System
 Produces new humans
using sperm and egg?
Reproductive System

Human Systems
Controls body by
electricity?
Nervous System
 Controls body by
chemicals?
Endocrine System

Human Systems
Provides oxygen to our
cells?
Respiratory System
 Removes wastes?
Excretory System

... and our 1st system???
Stop at intestine section
Digestion- process of
breaking food down into
usable molecules.

Physical- large to small
pieces using teeth and tongue
Digestion- breaking down
food

Chemicalbreaking small
pieces into
molecules using
chemicals called
enzymes
Types of Foods
Carbohydrates- 70% of diet.
Starches and sugars are
digested to glucose. Used for
energy.
 Protein- 20% of diet. Digested
to amino acids which are
used to build human protein.

Types of Foods(cont.)

Fats- 10% of diet. Digested
into fatty acids which are
needed in small amounts for
healthy cells.
*Most meals have all three
types of foods in them.
Hey buddy, how
about a peanut
butter sandwich?
I dare
you!
Come on
dude,
do it!
The Evolution of a
Peanut Butter
Sandwich or...
Parts and functions of
the Human Digestive
System!
Digestive Organs
Teeth- physical
digestion
 Saliva glandsenzymes for
carbohydrates.
Moistens food
 Tongue - swallows
food to back of throat


Esophagusmoves food to
stomach by wavy,
muscular
contractions
called peristalsis

Stomachstorage sac and a
site of physical
(muscles) and
chemical (acid +
enzymes)
digestion
The Stomach?
Not!!!
This is the
stomach!
A J-shaped
organ about
the size of two
fists. It’s
located under
your left rib
cage
Jobs of the Stomach
Stores food so that only small
amounts pass to the small
intestine at one time.
 Starts Digestion:
Physical- muscles
Chemical- acid and enzymes

Inside the Stomach
Acid/Enzyme
glands
Muscle
Walls
Sphincter
Muscles
Stomach
Problems!
Minor Stomach Problems
Acid indigestion-too much
acid secreted.
 Nausea- stomach may
choose to reverse peristalsis
 Stomach cramps-FALSE
usually gas in intestines

Major Stomach Problems
Ulcers- acid burns a hole in
stomach muscle
 Stomach cancer- cancer cells
grow and take over the
stomach. Can remove stomach
 Gastroesophageal RefluxWhat do you think that is???

Small intestine - most important
organ in digestive system
 1st 12 inches
finishes digestion
using enzymes
from liver, gall
bladder, and
pancreas
 Last 19 feet is used
to absorb digested
food molecules into
the bloodstream
The first 12 inches gets
enzymes from the:
Liver- produces bile
for digesting fats (+
lots more!!!)
 Gall bladder- stores
bile and delivers it to
the small intestine
 Bile duct- carries
bile to small
intestine

Liver
Gall
Bladder
Pancreas-
makes a special
enzyme for each food type:
Carbohydrates, Fats, and
Protein
p.s. Also makes
insulin for
absorbing
glucose into
cells.
The Liver, Gall Bladder and Pancreas all empty
their enzymes into the first 12 inches of the small
intestine(the duodenum). The small intestine is
the most powerful chemical digestion organ!!
The job of the last 19 feet is
absorption of digested food
molecules.
Appendix Video

Absorptionmovement of
molecules by
“diffusion”
through the
small and large
intestine to the
bloodstream.
Not only is the
small intestine
20 feet long,
but the inside
surface is
filled with villi
which
increase the
absorption
area of small
Nutrients Absorbed
Calories of energymostly from
carbohydrates (glucose)
 Body builders- mainly
from proteins (amino
acids)

Nutrients Absorbed

Regulators- tune up the
body (“oils your body”)
– fatty acids from fats
– vitamins and minerals
– water
... plus anything else
that is small enough
to pass through the
small intestine.
Large
Intestine
Rectum
Anus
H2O and Enzymes
Large Intestine
(colon)reabsorbs water
and enzymes into
bloodstream
Wastes
The Digestive System
Eating,
 Digesting,
 Absorbing,
 Pooping all make us
healthy and happy!
