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Transcript
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ
Ανώτατο Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Πειραιά
Τεχνολογικού Τομέα
Ξένη Ορολογία
Ενότητα 5 : Financial Ratios
Ευαγγελία Κουτσογιάννη
Τμήμα Λογιστικής και Χρηματοοικονομικής
Άδειες Χρήσης
• Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε άδειες
χρήσης Creative Commons.
• Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που υπόκειται
σε άλλου τύπου άδειας χρήσης, η άδεια χρήσης
αναφέρεται ρητώς.
2
Χρηματοδότηση
• Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια
του εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα.
• Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο Ανώτατο
Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Πειραιά Τεχνολογικού Τομέα» έχει
χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο την αναδιαμόρφωση του
εκπαιδευτικού υλικού.
• Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού
Προγράμματος «Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και
συγχρηματοδοτείται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό
Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από εθνικούς πόρους.
3
Σκοποί ενότητας
In this section you will acquire
• specific vocabulary related to the analysis of
financial information and the classification of
ratios
• the language functions used to describe ability
and probability
4
Financial Ratios
Financial ratios provide
a picture of the firm’s
profitability, its value
as an investment, and
its ability to repay its
debts. A financial ratio
is a number that shows
the relationship
between two elements
of a firm’s financial
statements. The
information required
to form these ratios is
found in the balance
sheet and the income
statement.
Profitability Ratios
Profitability ratios indicate how effectively the firm’ s
resources are being used.
• Net Profit Margin: It is calculated by dividing net income after
taxes by net sales.
• Return on Equity: It is calculated by dividing net income after
taxes by owner’s equity.
• Earnings per Share: From the point of view of stockholders,
this is a widely used indicator of a corporation’s success. It is
calculated by dividing net income after taxes by the number
of shares of common stock outstanding.
Profitability Ratios Glossary
• ratio: it expresses a mathematical relation between two
quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)/ λόγος,
συντελεστής
• profitability: the state or condition of yielding profit or gain
αποδοτικότητα
• net profit margin: return on sales/περιθώριο καθαρού
κέρδους
• return on equity: the yield, revenue, or profit accruing from
an investment/απόδοση μετοχικού κεφαλαίου
• earnings per share: determines the size of dividend that a
company can pay its shareholders/απόδοση ανα μετοχή
• outstanding stock: publicly issued and sold, or in circulation/
μετοχές σε κυκλοφορία
Liquidity and Long-term Solvency Ratios
Liquidity ratios measure the ability of a company to meet short-term
obligations.
• The current ratio is computed by dividing current assets by current
liabilities.
• The acid test ratio divides quick assets by current liabilities. Quick assets
include marketable securities and accounts receivable.
To survive in the long run, a firm must be able to meet its long-term
liabilities; otherwise it is in danger or collapse or takeover.
• To measure this risk, long-term solvency ratios are used, the most
common being the debt-to-owners’ equity ratio or leverage, which
compares the amount of debt to the firm’s own capital.
Liquidity and Solvency Ratios Glossary
• liquidity: the ability or ease with which assets can be converted into cash/
ρευστότητα
• solvency: ability to pay all debts/ φερεγγυότητα
• long-term (liabilities, debt, obligations): maturing over or after a relatively
long period of time/ μακροπρόθεσμη οφειλή
• short-term (liabilities, etc.): maturing over a relatively short period of
time/ βραχυπρόθεσμα χρέη
• securities: the financial asset represented by a certificate carrying the
right to receive interest or dividend, such as shares or bonds/ αξιόγραφα,
χρεώγραφα
• current ratio: shows a company’s ability to meet expected current
obligations/δείκτης γενικής ρευστότητας
• acid-test ratio: shows a company’s ability to meet contingencies
(=unexpected events)/ δείκτης άμεσης ρευστότητας
• leverage: the ability to finance an investment through borrowed
funds/χρηματιοικονομική μόχλευση/ leverage (or gearing) ratio: debt to
owners’ equity ratio/ δείκτης ιδίων προς ξένα κεφάλαια
Τέλος Ενότητας