Download Kiev protocol for industrial accidents in transboundary waters

ACCOBAMS
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Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea Mediterranean Sea and
contiguous Atlantic area .
ACCOBAMS is a cooperative agreement for the conservation of marine biodiversity in
the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
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It is an environmental agreement signed in 2002 between all ASEAN nations to reduce
haze pollution in Southeast Asia.
As of June 2007, eight countries Viz.Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam , Myanmar ,
Viet Nam , Thailand , Lao PDR , Cambodia have ratified the agreement.
Aarhus Convention:
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Aarhus Convention, was signed on June 25, 1998 in the Danish city of Aarhus.
As of July 2009, it had been signed by 40 (primarily European and Central Asian)
countries and the European Community and ratified by 41 countries.
Bali Communiqué
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On 30 November 2007, the business leaders of 150 global companies published a
communiqué at Bali Indonesia to world leaders calling for a comprehensive, legally
binding United Nations framework to tackle climate change.
It is a comprehensive, legally binding United Nations framework to tackle climate
change emission reduction targets to be guided primarily by science those countries
that have already industrialised to make the greatest effort world leaders to seize the
window of opportunity and agree on a work plan of negotiations to ensure an
agreement can come into force after 2012 (when the existing Kyoto Protocol expires)
Basel Convention:
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The Basel Convention is Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements
of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.
Its an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous
waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from
developed to less developed countries (LDCs) (except radioactive waste)
The Convention was opened for signature on 22 March 1989, and entered into force on
5 May 1992.
Bonn Convention:
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Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals.
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To conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range was
the onjective of this convention.
It is an intergovernmental treaty, concluded under the aegis of the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP), concerned with the conservation of wildlife and
habitats on a global scale.
The Convention was signed in 1979 in Bonn (hence the name) and entered into force in
1983.
CITES or Washington Convention
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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora or
Washington Convention is an international agreement between governments, drafted
as a result of a resolution adopted in 1973 at a meeting of members of the International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does
not threaten their survival and it accords varying degrees of protection to more than
33,000 species of animals and plants.
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
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Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) or Biodiversity Convention, is an international
legally binding treaty that was adopted in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992.
The Convention was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5
June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993.
ENMOD
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The Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD) is an international treaty
prohibiting the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques.
It opened for signature on 18 May 1977 in Geneva and entered into force on October 5,
1978.
Kyoto Protocol
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The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
It is an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving "stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
The Kyoto Protocol establishes legally binding commitment for the reduction of four
greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride), and
two groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons).
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It was initially adopted for use on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and entered into
force on 16 February 2005.
As of February 2009 183 parties (nations) have ratified the protocol.
Under the Kyoto Protocol, industrialized countries agreed to reduce their collective
green house gas (GHG) emissions by 5.2% from the level in 1990.
National limitations range from the reduction of 8% for the European Union and others
to 7% for the United States, 6% for Japan, and 0% for Russia.
The treaty permitted the emission increases of 8% for Australia and 10% for Iceland.
Participation in the Kyoto Protocol, where dark green indicates countries that have
signed and ratified the treaty, yellow is signed, but not yet ratified, grey is not yet
decided and red is no intention of ratifying.
Kyoto includes defined "flexible mechanisms" such as
Emissions Trading,
Clean Development Mechanism
Joint Implementation
Montreal Protocol:
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The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is a protocol to the
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.
It is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the
production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion.
The treaty was opened for signature on September 16, 1987 and entered into force on
January 1, 1989 followed by a first meeting in Helsinki, May 1989.
Since then, it has undergone seven revisions, in 1990 (London), 1991 (Nairobi), 1992
(Copenhagen), 1993 (Bangkok), 1995 (Vienna), 1997 (Montreal), and 1999 (Beijing).
It is believed that if the international agreement is adhered to, the ozone layer is
expected to recover by 2050.
Due to its widespread adoption and implementation it has been hailed as an example of
exceptional international co-operation with Kofi Annan quoted as saying that "perhaps
the single most successful international agreement to date has been the Montreal
Protocol"
Multi effect protocol:
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The 1999 Multi-effect ("Gothenburg") Protocol is a multi-pollutant protocol designed to
reduce acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone by setting emissions ceilings
for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia to be
met by 2010.
The Protocol is part of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The
Convention is an international agreement to protect human health and the natural
environment from air pollution by control and reduction of air pollution, including longrange transboundary air pollution.
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The geographic scope of the Protocol includes Europe, North America and countries of
Eastern Europe, Caucus and Central Asia
Talloires declaration
The Talloires Declaration is a declaration for sustainability, created for and by presidents of
institutions of higher learning. Jean Mayer, Tufts University president, convened a conference
of 22 universities in 1990 in Talloires, France. This document is a declaration that institutions of
higher learning will be world leaders in developing, creating, supporting and maintaining
sustainability.
Sydney Declaration:
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The Sydney APEC Leaders' Declaration on Climate Change, Energy Security and Clean
Development was adopted at APEC Australia 2007 on 8 September 2007.
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
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The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries
Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa is a
Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through
national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by
international cooperation and partnership arrangements.
It was adopted in Paris on 17 June 1994 and entered into force in December 1996.
It is the first and only internationally legally binding framework set up to address the
problem of desertification.
The Convention is based on the principles of participation, partnership and
decentralization - the backbone of Good Governance and Sustainable Development.
It now has 193 country Parties to the Convention, making it truly global in reach.
To help publicise the Convention, 2006 had been declared "International Year of Deserts
and Desertification".
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an
international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in
Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
The treaty is aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a
level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate
system.
It entered into force on March 21, 1994.
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Its stated objective is to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the
atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference
with the climate system.
One of its first achievements was to establish a national greenhouse gas inventory, as a
count of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals.
Accounts must be regularly submitted by signatories of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change.
The UNFCCC is also the name of the United Nations Secretariat charged with supporting
the operation of the Convention, with offices in Haus Carstanjen, Bonn, Germany.
Since 2006 the head of the secretariat has been Yvo de Boer.
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
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The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a multilateral
environmental agreement.
It was agreed upon at the Vienna Conference of 1985 and entered into force in 1988.
It acts as a framework for the international efforts to protect the ozone layer.
However, it does not include legally binding reduction goals for the use of CFCs
(Choloro-Fluoro Carbons) the main chemical agents causing ozone depletion which are
laid out in the accompanying Montreal Protocol.
Wadden sea agreement
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Agreement on the Conservation of Seals in the Wadden Sea is an agreement between Wadden
Sea countries, aimed at protection of seals and concluded in the aegis of Convention on
Migratory Species (CMS) in 1990.
The Agreement was concluded between the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark
CANCUN climate agreement at a glance
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EMISSION CUTS
 o The pledges made by rich countries at copenhagen have been put into UN
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 o Devlpng countries agreed to explore ways to cut emissions
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CLIMATE AID
 o Green fund to be created for transfer of funds from devlpd to devlpng
 nations
 o The supervisory panel for fund to have more reps of poor countries
 o 100 bn $ by 2020 and 30 bn $ by 2012
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FORESTS
 o Formal backing to REDD+
 o But no details on how and what form the scheme will take
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KYOTO
 o Decisiond eferred to durban 2011
 o No decision yet on what rôle KP will play in future legal document
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TECH TRANSFER
o Backed the idea
o Tech exec commtt and a climate technlgy cnetre and network to be set up
THE CONVENTION ON LAW OF NON NAVIGABLE USES FO WATER COURSES
The Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses is a document
adopted by the United Nations on May 21, 1997 pertaining to the uses and conservation of all waters
that cross international boundaries, including both surface and groundwater.
Article 7 of the document, entitled, "Obligation not to cause significant harm," would require that
member states "in utilizing an international watercourse in their territories...take all appropriate
measures to prevent the causing of significant harm to other watercourse states" and compensate
sharing states for any such harm
Kiev protocol for industrial accidents in transboundary waters
NAIROBI CONVENTION
Nairobi Convention provides for strict liability, compulsory insurance and direct
action in case any ship wreck takes place beyond the territorial sea of coastal
states. Nairobi Convention intends to improve navigation safety and maritime
security besides dealing with ship wreck. So far, 64 countries have adopted the
convention
A Wreck, under the Nairobi International Convention is defined i)as a sunken or
stranded ship or ii)any object that is lost at sea from a ship and that is stranded,
sunken or adrift at sea or iii) a ship that is about to sink or strand
ROTTERDAM
Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous
Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade is aimed at helping poor countries in managing
potentially hazardous chemicals imported by them.