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Transcript
Novel tools for sample analysis PANDA – Particles And Non-Destructive Analysis PANDA is a sensitive measurement device for non-destructive sample analysis. In PANDA many techniques and instruments used in basic research are applied to the analysis of environmental and safeguards samples. Besides being a fully operational measurement device PANDA is also a platform for the development of new techniques and measurement tools. Features Sensitive sample analysis using non-destructive analysis techniques Particle localization Pu isotope ratio determination Technical characteristics Two measurement positions operating inside a vacuum chamber Separate vacuum chamber for loading and chancing samples Measurement position 1 hosts a position sensitive double sided silicon strip detector (DSSSD) for the detection of alpha particles and an HPGe detector for gammaand X-rays Fig. 1. Photograph of the PANDA device. Possibility to make coincidence studies (α-γ, γ-α etc.) Event-mode data acquisition Data stored in LINSSI database SPANDA software for data processing Measurement position 2 hosts a prototype silicon drift detector that is currently being tested Data collected with VASIKKA and stored in LINSSI database 1 2 A C B 1 Loading chamber 2 Measurement chamber A DSSSD B HPGe detector C Linear feedthrough and sample holder Fig. 2. CAD drawing of the inside of PANDA’s loading and measurement chambers. Säteilyturvakeskus Säteilyturvakeskus Strålsäkerhetscentralen Strålsäkerhetscentralen Radiation Radiationand andNuclear NuclearSafety SafetyAuthority Authority Address Address• •Laippatie Laippatie4,4,P.O. P.O.Box Box14, 14,FI-00881 FI-00881Helsinki, Helsinki,FINLAND FINLAND••www.stuk.fi www.stuk.fi Novel tools for sample analysis Applications Locating particles PANDA’s position sensitive alpha detector can be used to detect particles from large-area samples such as swipes or filters and perform a preliminary particle analysis for them (Fig. 3). Time stamped event data PANDA’s data are collected in event-mode. Events are time stamped. This storage format allows the generation of final spectra for the analysis even after the measurement. The event time stamping enables various time behavior studies (Fig. 5). 1000 214 Po Po Counts/700 s 212 100 10 1 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Time (s) Fig. 3. Hitmap measured with the DSSSD. The locations of the fitted particles are marked as red asterisks. Fig. 5. Time behavior of 212Po and 214Po alpha particle counts in a sample measured with the DSSSD detector. Coincidence gating (α-γ, γ-α etc.) PANDA’s DSSSD and HPGe detectors can be used to make various coincidence studies. For example an alpha-gated gamma spectrum can have nearly zero background. This greatly improves the detection of 239,240 Pu (Fig. 4). many hard-to-detect nuclides such as Conversion electron spectroscopy The samples can be transported between PANDA’s two measurement positions. If a sample screening in measurement position 1 reveals an interesting particle the measurements can be continued in measurement 3 position 2. The prototype silicon drift detector (SD ) in PANDA’s measurement position 2 can also be used for the detection of conversion electrons (Fig. 6). 59.5 K 239Pu X+26 239Pu 241Am X+26 59.5 K X+26 240Pu Fig. 4. Part of a fitted alpha-gated gamma spectrum of a particle sample originating from a nuclear bomb and containing 239,240Pu and 241 Am. Fig. 6. The silicon drift detector in PANDA’s measurement position 2. Further reading Turunen J, Peräjärvi K, Pöllänen R, Toivonen H. PANDA – A novel instrument for non-destructive sample analysis. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 2010; 613: 177–183. Turunen J, Ihantola S, Peräjärvi K, Pöllänen R, Toivonen H. Novel spectrometric approach to non-destructive characterization of safeguards samples. ESARDA Bulletin 45, December 2010. p. 23–28. Peräjärvi KA, Ihantola S, Pöllänen RC, Toivonen HI, Turunen JA. Determination of 235U, 239Pu, 240Pu, and 241Am in a nuclear bomb particle using a position-sensitive α-γ coincidence technique. Environmental Science and Technology 2011; 45 (4): 1528–1533. Turunen J, Ihantola S, Peräjärvi K, Toivonen H. Comprehensive radioassays of samples using the PANDA device. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 2012; 678: 78–82. Technology Readiness Level 5 STUK-TTL-FLYER-2011-009, 17 Oct 2012 Further information: Kari Peräjärvi, Jani Turunen and Harri Toivonen Tel. +358 9 759881, e-mail: [email protected]