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Chapter 19: Fighting Disease Name:_________________________________________________ Pd: _________ Section 1: Infectious Disease Vocab 1. Pathogen ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Infectious Disease ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Pasteurization ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Section 1: Infectious Disease Notes Disease and Pathogens: Organisms that cause disease = __________________ A disease that can pass from one organism to another ________________ ____________ Infectious diseases are caused by __________________ 4 major groups of human pathogens: ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Each infectious disease is caused by a _________________ pathogen Examples: ___________________ causes strep throat ___________________ cause the flu ___________________ causes athlete’s foot A __________________ causes malaria In 1860’s Louis Pasteur showed __________________________ cause certain diseases Pasteur developed a method of heating foods to kill microorganisms = __________________________ Influenced British surgeon Joseph Lister to _________________ his hands and instruments before surgery AND After surgery to cover wounds with ___________________ bandages How Diseases are Spread: You can become infected by a pathogen in one of several ways: 1. By another ____________________ 2. By _____________________ objects 3. An __________________ ____________ 4. The _______________________ Person to Person Transfer: Direct physical contact: – ______________________ – ______________________ – _____________________ _____________ Indirect contact: – ______________________ – ______________________ 3 Contaminated Objects: _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Stepping on contaminated ________________ Animal Bites: ______________________ _________________ ____________________ Rocky Mountain spotted fever Pathogens from the Environment: The bacteria that causes __________________ lives in soil and water The bacteria that causes __________________ lives in soil 4 Section 2: The Body’s Defenses Vocab 1. Inflammatory Response ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Phagocyte ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Immune Response ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Lymphocyte ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. T Cell ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Antigen ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. B Cell ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Antibody ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. AIDS ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Section 2: The Body’s Defenses Notes Barriers That Keep Pathogens Out: Barriers such as the ________, ____________ ______________, ____________, and _______________ trap and kill most pathogens with which you come into contact The Skin: __________________ in oil and sweat can kill pathogens Pathogens can fall off with ________________ skin __________________ with soap and water decreases pathogens ______________ over cuts prevent pathogens from entering the body The Breathing Passages: ______________ and _____________ in the nose, pharynx, and bronchii trap and remove pathogens that enter the respiratory system Sneezing and coughing force pathogens out of your body The Mouth and Stomach: ____________ and _______________ ___________ kill most pathogens that you swallow General Defenses: In the ______________________ response, fluid and certain types of white blood cells leak from blood vessels into nearby tissues. The ____________ ____________ ______________ then fight the pathogens White blood cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens = ____________________ The Immune System: The cells of the immune system can distinguish between different kinds of ______________________. The immune system cells react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted _____________________ at that pathogen White blood cells that recognize pathogens = ____________________ T Cells: Distinguish between different kinds of ___________________ Molecules on cells the immune system recognizes as either part of your body or outside your body = ________________ 6 B Cells: Produce __________________ that help destroy pathogens Chemicals are called ___________________ Each B cell produces only ____ specific antibody Aids, a Disease of the Immune System: _____________ = a disease caused by a virus that attacks the immune system Caused by the __________ virus Attacks and destroys ____ cells 7 Section 3: Preventing Infectious Disease Vocab 1. Immunity ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Active Immunity ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Immune Response ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Vaccination ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Vaccine ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Passive Immunity ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Antibiotic ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Section 3: Preventing Infectious Disease Notes Active Immunity: The body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease = ____________ When a person’s own immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen = ____________ ______________ How is Active Immunity Produced: ____ cells and ____ cells remember the antigens they come into contact with When they encounter that _______________ again the immune response is very quick and you usually don't get sick Vaccination: The process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into a person’s body to produce active immunity = ____________________ The substance used in the vaccination = ________________ Usually contains __________ or __________________ forms of the pathogen Passive Immunity: When a person is given the antibodies = _______________ ___________________ Occurs when the ____________________ that fight the pathogen come from another source rather than from the person’s own body Staying Healthy: Don’t share items that might carry pathogens like ___________________, ________________ _____________, and _________________________ Wash hands before ________________ and after using the _________________ Cover your mouth when __________________ and ____________________ Get ___ hours of sleep every night Eat a _____________________________ diet Get regular ___________________ 9 Section 4: Noninfectious Disease Vocab 1. Noninfectious Disease ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Allergy ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Allergen ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Histamine ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Asthma ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Insulin ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Diabetes ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Tumor ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Carcinogen ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10 Section 4: Noninfectious Disease Notes What are Noninfectious Diseases? _____________________________________ – diseases not spread from person to person Not caused by _____________________________ Allergies ________________________ – disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance ________________________ – any substance that causes an allergy ________________________ – chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy Asthma _______________________ – disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow significantly Short of ____________________ Brought on by ____________________________, ________________________________, ______________________ Diabetes Diabetes – a condition where pancreas fails to produce _________________ or body cells can’t use it properly ______________________ – a chemical that allows body cells to take in glucose from blood Person excretes ___________________ in urine Body cells do not have enough glucose for _______________________ Effects of Diabetes Lose ________________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ frequently Feel _______________________ __________-__________ effects Two Forms of Diabetes Type ___ More __________________ Begins in ________________ Type ___ Develops during _______________________ May not need to take ____________________ 11 Cancer Cancer – disease in which ________________ divide uncontrollably __________________ – abnormal tissue masses Often caused by _____________________ – a substance or a factor in the environment that can cause cancer 12 13 14 15 16 17 18