Download Chapter 15: Bones, Muscle, Skin Chapter 19: Fighting Disease

Chapter 19:
Fighting Disease
Name:_________________________________________________ Pd: _________
Section 1: Infectious Disease
Vocab
1. Pathogen
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2. Infectious
Disease
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3. Pasteurization
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Section 1: Infectious Disease
Notes
Disease and Pathogens:
Organisms that cause disease = __________________
A disease that can pass from one organism to another ________________ ____________
Infectious diseases are caused by __________________
4 major groups of human pathogens:
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
Each infectious disease is caused by a _________________ pathogen
Examples:
___________________ causes strep throat
___________________ cause the flu
___________________ causes athlete’s foot
A __________________ causes malaria
In 1860’s Louis Pasteur showed __________________________ cause certain diseases
Pasteur developed a method of heating foods to kill microorganisms = __________________________
Influenced British surgeon Joseph Lister to _________________ his hands and instruments before
surgery AND
After surgery to cover wounds with ___________________ bandages
How Diseases are Spread:
You can become infected by a pathogen in one of several ways:
1. By another ____________________
2. By _____________________ objects
3. An __________________ ____________
4. The _______________________
Person to Person Transfer:
Direct physical contact:
– ______________________
– ______________________
– _____________________ _____________
Indirect contact:
– ______________________
– ______________________
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Contaminated Objects:
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Stepping on contaminated ________________
Animal Bites:
______________________
_________________ ____________________
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Pathogens from the Environment:
The bacteria that causes __________________ lives in soil and water
The bacteria that causes __________________ lives in soil
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Section 2: The Body’s Defenses
Vocab
1. Inflammatory
Response
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2. Phagocyte
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3. Immune
Response
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4. Lymphocyte
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5. T Cell
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6. Antigen
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7. B Cell
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8. Antibody
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9. AIDS
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Section 2: The Body’s Defenses
Notes
Barriers That Keep Pathogens Out:
Barriers such as the ________, ____________ ______________, ____________, and _______________ trap and kill
most pathogens with which you come into contact
The Skin:
__________________ in oil and sweat can kill pathogens
Pathogens can fall off with ________________ skin
__________________ with soap and water decreases pathogens
______________ over cuts prevent pathogens from entering the body
The Breathing Passages:
______________ and _____________ in the nose, pharynx, and bronchii trap and remove pathogens that
enter the respiratory system
Sneezing and coughing force pathogens out of your body
The Mouth and Stomach:
____________ and _______________ ___________ kill most pathogens that you swallow
General Defenses:
In the ______________________ response, fluid and certain types of white blood cells leak from blood
vessels into nearby tissues.
The ____________ ____________ ______________ then fight the pathogens
White blood cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens = ____________________
The Immune System:
The cells of the immune system can distinguish between different kinds of ______________________.
The immune system cells react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted
_____________________ at that pathogen
White blood cells that recognize pathogens = ____________________
T Cells:
Distinguish between different kinds of ___________________
Molecules on cells the immune system recognizes as either part of your body or outside your body
= ________________
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B Cells:
Produce __________________ that help destroy pathogens
Chemicals are called ___________________
Each B cell produces only ____ specific antibody
Aids, a Disease of the Immune System:
_____________ = a disease caused by a virus that attacks the immune system
Caused by the __________ virus
Attacks and destroys ____ cells
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Section 3: Preventing Infectious Disease
Vocab
1. Immunity
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Active
Immunity
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3. Immune
Response
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4. Vaccination
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5. Vaccine
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6. Passive
Immunity
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7. Antibiotic
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Section 3: Preventing Infectious Disease
Notes
Active Immunity:
The body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease = ____________
When a person’s own immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of a
pathogen = ____________ ______________
How is Active Immunity Produced:
____ cells and ____ cells remember the antigens they come into contact with
When they encounter that _______________ again the immune response is very quick and you usually
don't get sick
Vaccination:
The process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into a person’s body to
produce active immunity = ____________________
The substance used in the vaccination = ________________
Usually contains __________ or __________________ forms of the pathogen
Passive Immunity:
When a person is given the antibodies = _______________ ___________________
Occurs when the ____________________ that fight the pathogen come from another source rather than
from the person’s own body
Staying Healthy:
Don’t share items that might carry pathogens like ___________________, ________________ _____________, and
_________________________
Wash hands before ________________ and after using the _________________
Cover your mouth when __________________ and ____________________
Get ___ hours of sleep every night
Eat a _____________________________ diet
Get regular ___________________
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Section 4: Noninfectious Disease
Vocab
1. Noninfectious
Disease
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2. Allergy
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3. Allergen
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4. Histamine
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5. Asthma
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6. Insulin
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7. Diabetes
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8. Tumor
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9. Carcinogen
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Section 4: Noninfectious Disease
Notes
What are Noninfectious Diseases?
_____________________________________ – diseases not spread from person to person
Not caused by _____________________________
Allergies
________________________ – disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign
substance
________________________ – any substance that causes an allergy
________________________ – chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy
Asthma
_______________________ – disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow significantly
Short of ____________________
Brought on by ____________________________, ________________________________, ______________________
Diabetes
Diabetes – a condition where pancreas fails to produce _________________ or body cells can’t use it
properly
______________________ – a chemical that allows body cells to take in glucose from blood
Person excretes ___________________ in urine
Body cells do not have enough glucose for _______________________
Effects of Diabetes
Lose ________________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________ frequently
Feel _______________________
__________-__________ effects
Two Forms of Diabetes
Type ___
 More __________________
 Begins in ________________
Type ___
 Develops during _______________________
 May not need to take ____________________
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Cancer
Cancer – disease in which ________________ divide uncontrollably
__________________ – abnormal tissue masses
Often caused by _____________________ – a substance or a factor in the environment that can cause
cancer
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