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Transcript
CHAPTER 5 Shaping Earth Lesson 2: The Moving Crust How does Earth’s crust move? The flowing of the upper mantle causes plates to move. Mountains may form by faulting or folding caused by pressure in Earth’s crust. P 215 Vocabulary: plates - large sections of Earth’s crust and upper mantle that move slowly fault – a crack in the earth’s surface formed when plates slide past each other from side to side plateau – a high landform with a flat top fold – a bend in layers of rock formed when rock layers are slowly pushed together mountain – a tall landform that rises to a peak What causes earthquakes? The shaking of the ground during earthquakes can cause buildings to break apart. Vocabulary: earthquake – a sudden shaking of the rock that makes up Earth’s crust tsunami – giant waved caused by a strong earthquake which causes the ocean crust to lift suddenly How do scientists study earthquakes? Seismic waves come from underground where the rock layers break apart. Vocabulary: seismic wave - vibration caused by an earthquake seismograph – an instrument that detects and records earthquakes; shows seismic waves as jagged lines along a graph What is a volcano? Lava is melted rock that has reached the Earth’s surface while magma is melted rock below the Earth’s surface Most volcanoes are found near the edges of Earth’s plates, in the space created when the two plates separate. When a volcano erupts again and again, layers of lava and ash build up forming a mountain. Vocabulary: volcano – a mountain that builds up around an opening in Earth’s crust