Download Study Packet: Ancient Greece through Greco

WORLD HISTORY
ANCIENT GREECE (2000 BC TO 300 BC)
Essential Question: What impact has Ancient Greece had on the modern world?
Prevailing Theme: The achievements of Ancient Greece in government, the arts, science, and philosophy helped form
the foundation of Western civilization.
ANCIENT GREECE: EARLIEST INFLUENCES (2000 BC TO 479 BC)
Unique Role of Geography in Shaping Greek Life
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ancient Greece not a ____________country: collection of separate lands and islands where Greek speaking people lived.
Geography of Greece:
a. Mountainous peninsula (____________of Greece covered with mountains)
b. Approximately __________islands
c. Lands on eastern edge of the Aegean Sea
Effect of being surrounded by water: transportation routes and __________with other
societies
Effect of mountainous terrain:
a. No single government: small independent communities instead
b. Limited ______________land and resources in general
i. One reason set up colonies in other areas outside Greece
ii. Population was not large
Effect of moderate, Mediterranean climate: enabled lots of outdoor activity year round
i. ______________ and leisure
ii. ________________ of public issues, news
Earliest Settlers: Minoan, Mycenaean and Dorian Civilizations
3.
Minoans: lived on Greek island of ___________ since 3000 BC.
Mycenaeans: settle in Greece around 2000 BC and mix with Minoans.
Dorians: conquer Mycenaeans in 1200 BC.
4.
Roots of Greek culture based upon interaction of these three cultures.
5.
Influence of Phoenicians: Phoenicians developed an _____________ that was mixed with Greek to become modern
1.
2.
Greek.
a. 25% of all English words are Greek based
b. Example: Greek word polis  Indianapolis, Annapolis, metropolitian
Different Political Systems Develop in Greek City States
1.
Fundamental political unit in Greece by 750 BC was the polis
a.
Polis = a ___________ which consisted of the city and surrounding countryside, including numerous villages
i. Covered between 50 to 500 miles of territory
ii. Fewer than 10,000 residents
b.
Acropolis = fortified _____________ where the city would be built
2.
Form of government in city-states varied:
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Direct Democracy
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State ruled by _____
Rule is hereditary
State ruled by _______
Rule is hereditary and
based upon family ties,
social rank, wealth
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
3.
Rule by______________
____________________
Rule based upon wealth or
ability
Ruling group controls
military

State ruled by its _______
Rule is based upon
citizenship
Majority rule decides vote
Occasional rule by tyrants = powerful individuals, nobles or wealthy, who overtook government by appealing to and working
__________________________________people.
a. Not cruel connotation like word “tyrant” is used today.
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
1. Athens is considered the birthplace of democracy!
2.
Steps toward democracy in Athens:
a.
b.
Equality under the law: Legal code provided that all Athenians, rich or poor, were _____________
Citizen participation in government: All citizens, regardless of class, _________________ in the
Athenian assembly (lawmaking body), including submitting laws for debate or passage
c.
3.
Citizen right to bring charges:
Athenian democracy was a
a.
b.
c.
d.
All citizens could ________________against another for wrong doing
limited democracy because citizenship limited to those who were:
Free
Adult
Male
Born in _________________
i. Exclude: women, slaves, foreigners
Athenian Education
1.
2.
3.
4.
Usually only sons of wealthy families were formally educated
Schooling began at __________
Goal of Athenian education
a. Prepare youth to ____________________who were ________________________and
_________________________________________________________________________________
b. What studied to achieve this goal:
i. Reading, grammar, poetry, _______________, math and music
ii. To help them debate effectively, also studied logic and ______________________
iii. To train body, part of each day dedicated to _________________
1. Wait a minute. . . all that sorta sounds just like the education I get at U of Dl!!!!! How cool is that?!!!
Military training when older (part of being a good citizen)
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5.
No formal education for Athenian girls: Educated at home to be a good wife and mother
Sparta Builds an Oligarchy / Military State
1.
In values and government, Sparta differed from rest of Greece, especially Athens
2.
Sparta focused on creating a strong
3.
military state
Had some democratic elements but run like mostly like an
_______________
Spartan Life (in Greece, not East Lansing!)
1.
2.
3.
Military state
a. Life centered around making _______________________________
b. 600 BC to 371 BC: Sparta had the __________________________ in Greece
Spartan Values
a. ______________________________________________
b. More important than freedom, individual expression, beauty and intellectual pursuits that were valued in _______
Spartan military training
a. Weak or deformed children were ____________!
b. Men serve in army until age ____!
c. Boys leave home at age 7 to live in army _____________!
d. Harsh military training
i. Taught to fight each other
ii. ___________young children to teach them to steal or kill for survival
e. After military training, participate in ruthless _____________that terrorized lower classes
f. Women also engaged in military training and sports
Trojan War (1200 – 1100BC approximately)
1.
Greeks vs. Trojans (Trojans is name of people from Troy)
2. Mythical version:
Cause of war: Manipulated by the ______, Paris of _____kidnaps the beautiful ____
of Sparta, the wife of the Mycenaean king Menelaus.
b. Ten year war ensues that Greeks eventually win after tricking the Trojans using the famous
“Trojan Horse”
i. Huge wooden horse that Trojans thought was a ________; secretly filled with Greek
soldiers who emerge from horse in the middle of the _______ and destroy Troy.
a.
3. Historical version:
Archeological evidence of some battle at Troy -- but no proof of a full-fledged, drawn out
war involving an actual Trojan Horse!!
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Greek Literature and Greek Religion
1.
Mythical version of Trojan War described in the Iliad, and to a lesser extent, the
Odyssey, both by Homer.
2. Iliad and Odyssey = first Western literature.
3.
4.
Iliad reveals that Greeks were _____________________.
Brief background on Greek mythology:
a. Zeus = ruler of _____________
b. Lived on Mt. Olympus with wife _______
c. Daughter and favorite child was Athena
i. Athens named after her
d. Gods had many human qualities like love, hatred, jealousy, or anger that affected life on earth.
Greco–Persian Wars (490 BC to 479 BC)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Greeks vs. Persians
Cause: Persian Empire wanted to take over ___________.
Athens and Sparta unite against the common enemy: ________.
Battle back and forth but Greeks finally ______
a.
Phalanx formation brought Greeks incredible
success
i. Foot soldiers stand
______________each holding a spear
in one hand and shield in another
b.
Memorable
Battle of Marathon: Greek man
runs from Marathon to _____________(approximately 26 miles in distance) to warn Athenians that Persians are ready to attack
5.
them  immediately upon delivering message, ___________from exhaustion  Greeks end up winning  first
“___________________” ever!!!
Most significant effects of Greco-Persian Wars:
a. Greece felt secure to develop its own culture and government.
b. Delian League:
c.
i. Alliance of Greek city-states formed to prevent further attacks by ________________.
ii. Dominated by ____________________ who becomes the most powerful city-state in Greece.
“Classical Age” or “Golden Age” of Greece begins.
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