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German
Expression
Explanation
Example in German
common nouns
naming words that identify
people, animals, places, things
and ideas; they are written with a
capital letter and are either
masculine, feminine or neuter
der Computer, masculine
(computer)
die Lampe, feminine
das Poster, neuter (light)
proper nouns
names of particular people,
places or things
verbs
doing words that can a) either
describe actions (being done by
the subject of the sentence) or b)
express states of being
Stefan
Spanien (Spain)
Donnerstag (Thursday)
a) spielen (to play)
gehen (to go)
transitive verb
carry an action from an subject to
an object (transfer an action)
adverbs
tell us more about verbs, e.g.
how, how much, how often,
when, comment/opinion
They have no endings and are
exactly the same as their
adjective form
words that describe nouns; they
usually come before the noun
they describe and then must
agree with the noun´s gender and
case
If it comes after the noun it
describes or stands on its own
and has no ending
words that link nouns to other
parts of sentences, indicating
relationships between things
They usually come before the
nouns and most often tell us
about the position, location,
direction or time
words that are used in place of
nouns to prevent writing from
sounding repetitive
adjectives
prepositions
pronouns
b) haben (to have) sein (to
be)
schießen (to kick)
sehr (very)
oft (often)
bald (soon)
leider (unfortunately)
der grüne Pullover (the green
jumper)
Der Pullover ist grün. (The
jumper is green.)
auf (on)
ich (I)
du (you)
er,sie,es (he,she,it)
wir (we)
ihr (you)
sie/Sie (they/you polite)
conjunctions
joining words that are used to
join together words, phrases or
clauses
There are two types:
a) Coordinating conjunctions
which do not change the
word order of the sentence
b) Subordinating conjunctions
which send the verb to the
end of the sentence
a) und (and)
b) weil (because)