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Early China
A review!
The Land of China
Powerful rivers—Huang He and Chang Jiang
Huang He is also called Yellow River because it
carries loess, a rich yellow soil.
The Huang He River caused enormous, devastating
floods. It was called China’s Sorrow because it has
taken millions of lives.
Farmers grew wheat and rice.
Mountains and desert cover most of the land of
China: the Himalayas and the Gobi Desert.
Shang Dynasty
Chinese myth claims Yu the
Great dug channels to
control the floods of the
Huang He.
Legend says Yu founded the
first dynasty, the Xia but
there is no evidence of this.
The Shang was the first
dynasty. The Shang king had
warlords to help him stay in
power.
Most people were farmers.
They worshipped many gods.
They honored their
ancestors.
Achievements
The kings used oracle
bones to answer questions
of importance.
They wrote in pictographs.
They created objects in
bronze.
Farmers raised silk worms
that produced silk.
The Zhou Dynasty
Wu Wang overthrew the
Shang.
This new dynasty, Zhou,
lasted the longest-more than
800 years.
Zhou kings claimed they
ruled China because of the
Mandate of Heaven.
Over time the aristocrats
fought one another for power.
This time is called the
Warring States and it lasted
200 years.
Confucius
Confucius urged people to
follow the beliefs of their
ancestors.
People should do their duty
and place family above
their own needs.
His sayings were written
down in The
Analects.
Daoism
Began with the ideas of
Laozi.
People should free
themselves from worldly
desires.
They should live in
harmony with nature.
In this way they would live
a happy life.
Legalism
This stressed the
importance of laws.
Hanfeizi introduced these
ideas.
Humans are naturally evil
and need strict laws and
harsh punishments to force
people to do their duty.
Many rulers supported
legalism.
Filial Piety
Chinese families practiced
filial piety.
This is duty or devotion,
therefore people must
respect and obey their
parents.
They must take care of
their parents as they grow
older.
This is important in China
even today.
Qin Dynasty
The ruler of Qin defeated
the Zhou emperor.
He then changed his name
to Qin Shihuangdi which
means “the first Qin
emperor”.
Under the Qin all the
provinces were united.
Qin ruled with absolute
control and swift, harsh
punishment.
Shihuangdi created a
currency for everyone.’
He boasted that his
dynasty would last forever.
The dynasty ended soon
after his death.
Fighting arose over who
would be the new ruler.
The Great Wall
Emperor Qin wanted to
keep China safe from
invasion.
Nomads often attacked
from the Gobi Desert.
Qin ordered the wall to be
built to keep out the
warriors from the north.
The Han Dynasty
The founder was Liu Bang, a farmer turned soldier.
The first strong emperor was Han Wudi.
Han Wudi chose government workers on the basis
of a test. The highest scorers got the job!
The government created schools to prepare
students for the test.
China’s population grew so more food was needed
than ever before. The Han armies had to conquer
more lands to grow more food.
Han Culture
The ideas of Confucius
gained influence.
New technology helped
Chinese farmers and
workers produce more
food.
The iron plow, new iron
tools, waterwheels,the
wheelbarrow, and paper
were all invented.
More Advances
Han inventors made the
rudder and a new way to
move sails on ships.
Doctors discovered foods
to prevent disease.
Doctors relieved pain by
piercing skin with thin
needles, calling this
acupuncture.
The Silk Road
Han Wudi encouraged
trade between China and
the western regions.
The Silk Road was a trade
network stretching from
China to the Mediterranean
Sea.
Chinese goods and
inventions traveled the Silk
Road to other regions.
The Silk Road was a way
to spread knowledge.
Let’s think about this…
Explain the Mandate of Heaven.
Trade increased during the Han because of ____?
Why was the Huang He river called China’s Sorrow?
Which dynasty united China and gave it it’s name?
Which dynasty lasted the longest?
What ideas did Confucius teach?
What was the philosophy of Legalism?
Explain filial piety.
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