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Unit 9: Ecology
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1. What do you call the study of
interactions between different
organisms and their environments?
ANSWER:
ECOLOGY
2. Define abiotic factor and biotic
factor. Be able to what identify some
examples of each.
ANSWER:
1) ABIOTIC = nonliving parts of the
environment
Ex: rocks, temperature, water, soil.
2) BIOTIC = living organisms (or once living)
Ex: Plants, animals
3. Define habitat and niche. Be able to
identify examples of each.
ANSWER:
Habitat = area/place where organisms live
Niche = ROLE an organism has to ensure its
survival
4. Identify the correct term for each
description and place them in order
from SMALLEST to LARGEST
ANSWER:
# 5 BIOME
Group of ecosystems with a similar
climate.
# 6 BIOSPHERE
The portion of the earth that supports
life, from the oceans to the atmosphere.
4. Identify the correct term for each
description and place them in order
from SMALLEST to LARGEST
ANSWER:
# 3 COMMUNITY
A group of different populations that
interact together.
# 4 ECOSYSTEM
The interactions that occur between a
community and the nonliving factors of the
environment.
4. Identify the correct term for each
description and place them in order
from SMALLEST to LARGEST
ANSWER:
# 1 ORGANISM
One individual of one species.
# 2 POPULATION
A group of organisms of the same species
that lives in the same place at the same
time.
5. What are the three factors that
affect population size?
ANSWER:
1) BIRTHS
2) DEATHS
3) MIGRATION (in and out)
6. What is carrying capacity? [If given a
graph of population growth, be able to
describe what is happening at different
stages and why]
ANSWER:
It is the largest number or maximum
amount of organisms the environment
can support.
7. What is a limiting factor?
ANSWER:
It is something biotic (living) or abiotic
(nonliving) that restricts the amount of
organisms in an area.
8. What type of limiting factor has an
increasing effect as the population
increases?
ANSWER:
DENSITY DEPENDENT
9. What type of limiting factor has the
same effect on the population
regardless of its size?
ANSWER:
DENSITY INDEPENDENT
10. What are three examples of
DENSITY-INDEPENDENT
ANSWER:
1) NATURAL DISASTERS
2) WEATHER
3) HUMAN ACTIVITIES
11. What are three examples of
DENSITY-DEPENDENT factors?
ANSWER:
1) PREDATION
2) COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES
3) DISEASE
12. What is the difference between
more developed countries and less
developed countries
ANSWER:
More developed countries have lower birth
rates than less developed countries.
13. What are three measures that can be
done to reduce population growth?
ANSWERS:
1. Strengthen family planning programs
2. Educate more women
3. Delay having children
14. Explain/define the following types
of relationships between organisms.
Be able to identify examples.
ANSWER:
a. Predator/Prey =
one species kills another
b. Symbiosis =
two different species living
together with no killing
15. Identify each type of symbiotic
relationship. – You will have to write
and explain an example of each type.
ANSWER:
a. One organism benefits but the other
organism is unaffected =
COMMENSALISM (ex: egret birds
surrounding cattle, barnacles on a whale)
15. Identify each type of symbiotic
relationship. – You will have to write
and explain an example of each type.
ANSWER:
b. One organism benefits but the other
organism is harmed =
PARASITISM (ex: mosquitos and humans,
fleas on a dog)
15. Identify each type of symbiotic
relationship. – You will have to write
and explain an example of each type.
ANSWER:
c. Both organisms in the relationship
benefit =
MUTUALISM (ex: clownfish living in an
anemone, oxpecker birds sitting on a
rhinoceros)
16. Identify the following types of
organisms:
ANSWERS:
a. Organisms that make their own food for energy =
AUTOTROPH
b. Organisms that eat only other animals =
CARNIVORE
c. Organisms that break down and absorb nutrients
from dead organisms (microscopically) =
DECOMPOSERS
16. Identify the following types of
organisms:
ANSWER:
d. Organisms that only eat plants =
HERBIVORES
e. Organisms that must feed on other
organisms for energy =
HETEROTROPH/CONSUMER
16. Identify the following types of
organisms:
ANSWER:
f. Organisms that eat both plants and
animals =
OMNIVORE
g. Organisms that feed on the flesh of dead
animals =
SCAVENGER
17. What do you call one path of
energy flow that is found in the
environment?
ANSWER:
FOOD CHAIN
18. What do you call a diagram that
shows all the possible feeding and
energy relationships within a
community?
ANSWER:
FOOD WEB
19. Answer the following about the food
chains and food webs: [Know a food chain
with at least 4 organisms].
ANSWER:
a. What do food chains/webs always start with?
PLANT/PRODUCER
b. What do you the arrows in a food chain/web
show?
ENERGY
c. Which is more realistic in terms of energy flow
– food chains or food webs?
FOOD WEBS
20. What is an energy pyramid? What has the
most energy in an energy pyramid? [You must
be able to make an energy pyramid with using
a food chain]
ANSWER:
- Diagram that shows
how energy is
passed on in a food
chain or food web.
- Plants/Producers/
Autotrophs have the
most energy
21. What is succession?
ANSWER:
It is the natural changes that take place in
the environment.
22. What are the differences between
primary and secondary succession?
ANSWER:
Primary succession starts with no soil but
secondary succession does have soil.
23. What is the difference between a
pioneer community and a climax
community?
ANSWER:
Pioneer communities are the 1st species to
live in an area
Climax communities are the final, stable
group of organisms to live in an area.
24. What is conservation biology?
ANSWER:
It is the science of preserving/ protecting
natural resources and organisms.
25. What is the difference between an
endangered species and a threatened species?
ANSWER:
Endangered species = close to immediate
extinction
Threatened species = likely to become
endangered
26. What is global warming?
ANSWER:
It is the increase of the average temperature
on Earth.
27. What is the greenhouse effect?
ANSWER:
The trapping of heat in the atmosphere
allowing less heat to escape.
28.Name the stages of the water cycle.
ANSWER:
1) Evaporation/Transpiration (from plants)
2)Condensation
3)Precipitation
29.What cycle uses bacteria in the soil to
convert materials in the atmosphere to
those that can be used by plants?
ANSWER:
Nitrogen Cycle
30. What cycle uses the processes of
photosynthesis and cellular respiration to
release the substance into the environment?
ANSWER:
Carbon Cycle
31. What cycle uses the formation and the break
down of rocks to release the substance into the
environment?
ANSWER:
Phosphorus Cycle
32. For each of the following
descriptions, identify the element:
A. Nitrogen =
its importance is to build the
components of amino acids
which makes proteins.
B. Phosphorus =
its importance is to help
form DNA, RNA, and ATP.
32. For each of the following
descriptions, identify the element:
C. Water =
its importance is to help all organisms
survive (makes up majority of cell’s
cytosol/cytoplasm)
D. Carbon =
its importance is that it is a main
component of carbohydrates and
aids in forming oxygen during
photosynthesis.