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THE COLD WAR Electronic Literacy, EDLT 302-01 April 22, 2010 Dr. David D. Carbonara Spring 2010 Be able to identify and explain the main underlying reason for the Cold War. Analyze how differing ideals (communism v. democracy) lead to so many international conflicts during the Cold War era. Identify the major international organizations that were formed after WWII at the beginning of the Cold War. Read each slide carefully. Read the questions carefully and choose the BEST answer. Pay careful attention to the content as it is all fair game for a test or quiz. Nuts and bolts of the Cold War World War II forever changed the world. Decisions made during WWII such as the dropping of the atomic bomb unquestionably changed the face of warfare forever. The ending of WWII led to the creation of a bi-polar world with the U.S. and the Soviet Union rising up as the dominant Super Powers. Signed on April 4, 1949 Intergovernmental military alliance Members agree to defend other members if attacked by external party Standardization of allied military terminology, procedures, and technology(European countries adopted U.S. practices) When first signed in 1949 NATO had 12 members. Since its creation, a U.S. military officer has always been Commander-in-chief of NATO forces so the United States military is never controlled by another Nation. United States Italy United Norway Kingdom Canada France Denmark Iceland Portugal Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg All of the following were part of the original 12 members of NATO except: A. Hungary B. Portugal C. United States D. Iceland CORRECT!!!! Hungary is located in Eastern Europe and was in fact one of the founding Nations of the Warsaw Pact. Click here to continue and read more about the Warsaw Pact I’m sorry, that answer is incorrect. Click here to go back and review NATO and its members. Created in 1955 to counteract NATO “The treaty of Friendship, co-operation, and mutual assistance” Members were communist countries Mostly in Central and Eastern Europe As with NATO, the Warsaw Pact was a military treaty where members involved vowed to defend one another should they be attached by an outside enemy. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania Soviet Union The Warsaw Pact was more formally known as “The treaty of friendship, cooperation, and… A defense B mutual assistance C interdependence D having each other’s back That’s right! The Warsaw Pact was formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, co-operation, and mutual assistance. Click here to continue on and learn about the United Nations Please click here to review that information on the Warsaw Pact. Term “United Nations” was coined by FDR in 1942. Allied countries formed the “Declaration of United Nations” stating that they would continue to fight together against the Axis Powers. World powers saw a need for an organization that promotes international peace Yalta Conference: • February 11, 1945 • President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, Premier Stalin • “A general international organization to maintain peace and security.” San Francisco Conference: • April 25, 1945 • “Delegates of 50 nations met in San Francisco for the United Nations Conference on International Organization. The delegates drew up the 111article Charter, which was adopted unanimously on 25 June 1945 in the San Francisco Opera House. The next day, they signed it in the Herbst Theatre auditorium of the Veterans War Memorial Building.” • (www.un.org) 24 October 1945 United Nations is created as its Charter is ratified by the five permanent members of the Security Council and the majority of other signatories, and comes into force. The goal of the United Nations is to promote and maintain international: A. B. C. D. Harmony and cooperation interdependence Peace and security Defense and containment The goal of the UN was and still is to promote a general international organization that promotes peace and security. Click here to move on to the next section. Click here to go back and review the information on the United Nations After being allies with the US during World War II, the tune quickly changed. The Soviet Union had major interests in Eastern Europe as it wanted to prevent being invaded by a European country from the west again. The Soviet Union and the U.S. did not agree on how to reconfigure Europe after the war. The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc with the countries that it occupied in Eastern Europe. It annexed some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintained others as Satellite states. Some of these states were later consolidated in the Warsaw Pact. **It was clear at tee end of WWII that the U.S. and the Soviet Union were emerging as the two major Superpowers The United States suffered little destruction of infrastructure during WWII because most of the fighting was done in Europe and Asia. The lack of destruction and late entrance into the war allowed to United States to escape with few long lasting damages. The U.S. took point on both NATO and the U.N. The U.S. was a major contributor to rebuilding much of Western Europe and Japan. The U.S. instituted the Marshall Plan in Western Europe (which was opposed by the Soviet Union) to foster economic aide and promote democracy. True or False: • The United States and the Soviet Union were allies both during and after WWII. • True • False The U.S. and the Soviet Union were allies during WWII, but that quickly changed due to their extremely differing views on the post-WWII world. Click here to continue to the next question. Click here to go back and review the information about the Soviet Union and the United States The United States suffered little damage to infrastructure during WWII because most of the fighting was done in: A. B. C. D. Europe and Africa Asia and Europe Asia and Africa The U.S. and Europe The majority of the fighting during WWII was done in Europe and Asia. End of day one. Click here to continue to day two. Click here to go back and review the information on the U.S. Turning up the heat during the Cold War The world was changing rapidly in the years following WWII. After things settled down and it was apparent that the U.S. and the Soviet Union had emerged as the two world Super Powers, a cold war started between the two nations. Conflicting ideals surrounding democracy and communism lead to a cold war that lasted for nearly 50 years. It was an uneasy time for many of the residents of the world. Berlin Blockade Korean War Berlin Crisis of 1961 Vietnam War Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet War in Afghanistan Able Archer 83 1948-1949 First major int’l crisis of Cold War Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway and road access to the sectors of Berlin under their control. In response, the Western Allies organized the Berlin Airlift to carry supplies to the people in West Berlin. By the Spring of 1949 more food and supplies were being delivered by airlift that had been my cargo train before. This defeat humiliated the Soviets. 1950-1953 Military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, supported by the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union. Korea was divided at the end of WWII. The U.S. controlled the Southern half and the Soviet Union controlled the Northern half. North Korea invaded South Korea and the U.S. and UN stepped in to aide South Korea to combat the threat of communism June-November, 1961 last major politico-military European incident of the Cold War about the occupational status of the German capital city, Berlin, and of postWWII Germany. The U.S.S.R. provoked the Berlin Crisis with an Ultimatum demanding the withdrawal of Western armed forces from West Berlin— culminating with the city's de facto partition with the East German erection of the Berlin Wall. 1959-1975 Cold War military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. United States entered the Vietnam War to prevent a communist take of South Vietnam by the North Vietnamese. With the policy of containment, the U.S. did not want communism to spread in South East Asia, thinking that if one country fell it would not be long until they all did. October 1962 U.S. , Soviet Union, Cuba In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet governments placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. When United States military intelligence discovered the weapons, the U.S. government did all it could to ensure the removal of the missiles. One of the closest calls to nuclear war ever 1979-1989 Sometimes referred to as the “Soviet’s Vietnam” (comparing it to the U.S.’s Vietnam War.) ten-year conflict involving the Soviet Union, supporting the Marxist government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan at their own request against the Islamist Mujahideen Resistance The realistic nature of the 1983 exercise, coupled with Deteriorating relations between the United States and the Soviet Union and the anticipated arrival of Pershing II nuclear missiles in Europe, led some members of the Soviet Politburo to believe that Able Archer 83 was a ruse of war, obscuring preparations for a genuine nuclear first strike.In response, the Soviets readied their nuclear forces and placed air units East Germany and Poland on alert.This relatively obscure incident is considered by many historians to be the closest the world has come to nuclear war since the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 The Berlin Blockade was a conflict that eventually resulted in a “victory” for the : United Soviet States Union Eventually the United States succeeded in supplying Berlin with more supplies by air than they had previously been doing by train. Click here to continue to the next question. Click here to return to information on the Berlin Blockade The U.S. got involved in the Vietnam War because the wanted to prevent the spread of : A. B. C. D. communism socialism democracy fascism The U.S. had a policy of containment. They wanted to prevent communism from spreading into South East Asia Click here to move on to the final question Click here to return to information about the Vietnam War Able Archer 83 was the closest the world has come to _________ since the Cuban Missile Crisis A. B. C. D. Taking over Cuba Ending the Cold War International peace Nuclear war Way to go!! Click show. here to move on to the end of the Click here to return to information about Able Archer 83