Download Lactation (breast

Nutrition: Chapter 4 Notes
Describe health and development concerns that affect the nutritional needs of
people in different stages of the life span.
Pregnancy and Lactation: 1st Trimester: Folic Acid prevents neural tube
defects---Protein, calcium & iron are most important---Gain 25 to 35 lbs.--Follow My Plate guidelines for a healthy pregnancy
Lactation (breast-feeding) also needs extra nutrients especially after six
months, lactating women need to consume extra calories for breast feeding
Infancy and Early Childhood: Infants have no nutrient reserves except
iron—Breast milk is not a good source of iron----Vitamin K is given at birth--They gain 2 lbs. /month during the first 3 months----about 1 lb./month after
that
Breast milk or Formula---decide what will work best for you
Solid foods can be introduced between 4 -6 months
Cow’s milk cannot be given until 1 year of age.
Pre-schoolers need more potassium, vitamin E, and fiber in their diets
The Elementary School Years: A 6-year old does not need to eat as much
as a 12 year old, but they still need the same kind of foods from all food
groups----milk, whole grains, legumes, and nuts are good
The Teen Years: growth spurts occur---need more food for energy----teen
diets are often too low in magnesium, calcium and potassium -----teen girls
need more folate and iron.
Adulthood: Energy needs decrease for adults in their 20s---diets tend to be
low in calcium, potassium, fiber, magnesium, and vitamin E----watch
sodium---take a vitamin supplement
The Later Years: the body ages and uses less energy to carry on vital
processes---calorie needs decrease for people over age 70----add Vitamin D
which helps the body absorb calcium----
Chapter 4 continued
List meal-planning tips to meet the nutritional needs of people in different
stages of the life span.
 Pregnancy- Add an extra 300 calories a day, MyPlate.org
 Lactation- need extra energy, protein, mineral, and vitamins
 Infant- Newborns will feed _7-8____/day
o Be aware of food allergies and food intolerances
 Preschool- bright-colored, mild flavored, soft, and lukewarm
 School-age- good breakfast, add snacks to get more nutrients
 Teens- eat breakfast, limit soft drinks, drink more water, milk, or juice
 Adult- pack lunch night before work, choose healthier snacks
 Late Adult- use MyPlate – be aware of foodborne illnesses
Suggest appropriate activities to help people at different stages of the life span
maintain physical fitness
 Pregnancy- walking, swimming, low-impact aerobics & Yoga
 Lactation- walking, stretching
 Infant- tummy time, holding babies up to build leg muscles
 Preschool- running, jumping, riding toys, kick ball, swimming
 School-aged- play tag, hide and seek, bicycles, jump rope, dancing
 Teens- yoga, t’ai chi, weight training, jogging, biking, hiking, rowing
 Adult- walking, swimming, biking
 Late Adult- walking, climbing stairs, gardening