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Transcript
CP Chem. Overview Unit 4 Balancing Chemical Equations - The first reaction we did can be shown in the following way in words: Zinc plus hydrochloric acid form hydrogen gas and dissolved zinc chloride - In symbols this would be: Zn(s) + HCl(aq) H2(g) - + ZnCl2(aq) The second reaction(rxn) we did would be this: Hydrogen plus oxygen in the presence of a spark forms water - In symbols this would be: H2(g) + O2(g) - H2O(g) Several things of note: - Diatomic molecules - Reactants - Products - State symbols - Reaction arrow - Catalyst - The thing of real importance is the fact neither of these reactions are balanced - How do we balance equations so they follow the Law of Conservation of Mass We balance equations by changing coefficients……… NEVER by changing subscripts !!!!! - So now we can correctly balance the above two equations… Summary on balancing: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) EX: Determine the correct formulas for all the reactants and products Write a skeleton equation Count atoms on both sides (polyatomics can be counted as one if they are on both sides) Balance using coefficients (save H & O for last if they’re present) Check balancing and make sure coefficients are in the lowest ratio Types of reactions I. - Combination Here two or more reactants come together to make a single product EX: II. - Decomposition Here one reactant “breaks apart” to form two or more products EX: III. - Single Replacement Here an element replaces a element that is part of a compound “element plus compound forming an element and a compound” Whether this reaction takes place is determined by the activity series (pg 217) EX: IV. - Double Replacement Here atoms or ions from different compound replace each other “compound plus compound forms a compound plus a compound” EX: IV. - Combustion an element or compound reacts with oxygen complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water incomplete (low oxygen present) produces carbon monoxide and water EX: -