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Chapter 6 *Place cell phones in cell phone caddy. New Seats!!!! Warm-Up: Chapter Six Pre/Post Test and Element Quiz Practice 1860’s Mendeleev arranged the 63 known elements (at the time) in order by atomic mass number. He was unaware of atomic numbers because he did not know about protons, neutrons or electrons His elements fell into columns (groups of families) with the same number of valence electrons and they demonstrated similar chemical and physical properties. He predicted the “empty spaces” would be filled in as new elements were discovered (he was right)! 50 years later Henry Mosely determined the atomic numbers for the elements and rearranged the table using atomic numbers instead. Metals are good conductors or heat and electricity. They are a “sea of moving electrons”. They are shiny, ductile and malleable. Metals are located to the left of the stair-step line found on the periodic table. Non-Metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are dull and brittle. Non-metals are found to the right of the the stair-step line found on the periodic table. Metalloids have the properties of both metals and non-metals. They are the elements that touch the stair-step line found on the periodic table. Alkali Metals : H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr; Soft, silver-white metal never found uncombined in nature, they react violently with water Alkaline Earth Metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra; Never found uncombined in nature Transition Elements; Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Hg….; Variable properties Boron Family; B, Al, Ga, In, Tl; Includes Al-the most abundant metal Carbon Family; C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; C is the basis of organic life, Si is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s Crust Nitrogen Family: N, P, As, Sb, Bi; Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the atmosphere Oxygen Family: O, S, Se, Te, Po; Oxygen is the second most abundant element in the atmosphere Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At; Never found free in nature, the family of disinfectants Noble Gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn; Very unreactive Rare-Earth Elements: Lanthanoids and the Actinoids; All radioactive, AN 93 and up are synthetic How do metals, nonmetals and metalloids compare? *Place cell phones in cell phone caddy. Warm-Up: Element Quiz Practice/Metals vs Nonmetals WS What happens to the reactivity of the elements as you move across and down the periodic table? *Place cell phones in cell phone caddy. Warm-Up: Element Quiz Practice Atomic radius DECREASES as you move ACROSS a period (protons pulling the electrons towards the center of the atom) Atomic radius INCREASES as you move DOWN a group (shielding; electrons in outer layer are shielded from the pull of the protons) Ionization energy INCREASES as you move ACROSS a period (harder to take away electrons from non-metals) Ionization energy DECREASES as you move DOWN a group (they already have a lot of electrons) Electronegativity INCREASES as you move across the period (non- metals want electrons) • Electronegativity DECREASES as you move DOWN a group (already have a lot of electrons) Cations have a positive charge Anions have a negative charge Cations are smaller that the original atom because the protons pull more strongly on the electrons (one or more were given away) Anions are bigger than the original atom because the protons can’t pull as strongly on the electrons (one r more were added) What is the trend for atomic radius, ionization energy and electronegativity as you move across and down the periodic table?