Download The Periodic table

Chapter 6
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Warm-Up: Chapter Six
Pre/Post Test and Element Quiz
Practice
 1860’s Mendeleev arranged the 63 known elements (at the time) in
order by atomic mass number.
 He was unaware of atomic numbers because he did not know about
protons, neutrons or electrons
 His elements fell into columns (groups of families) with the same
number of valence electrons and they demonstrated similar chemical
and physical properties.
 He predicted the “empty spaces” would be filled in as new elements
were discovered (he was right)!
 50 years later Henry Mosely determined the atomic numbers for the
elements and rearranged the table using atomic numbers instead.
 Metals are good conductors or heat and electricity. They are a “sea of moving
electrons”. They are shiny, ductile and malleable. Metals are located to the left of
the stair-step line found on the periodic table.
 Non-Metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are dull and brittle.
Non-metals are found to the right of the the stair-step line found on the periodic
table.
 Metalloids have the properties of both metals and non-metals. They are the
elements that touch the stair-step line found on the periodic table.

Alkali Metals : H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr; Soft, silver-white metal never
found uncombined in nature, they react violently with water
Alkaline Earth Metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra; Never found
uncombined in nature
Transition Elements; Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Hg….; Variable properties
Boron Family; B, Al, Ga, In, Tl; Includes Al-the most abundant metal
Carbon Family; C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; C is the basis of organic life, Si is the
second most abundant element in the Earth’s Crust
 Nitrogen Family: N, P, As, Sb, Bi; Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the
atmosphere
 Oxygen Family: O, S, Se, Te, Po; Oxygen is the second most abundant element in
the atmosphere
 Halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At; Never found free in nature, the family of disinfectants
 Noble Gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn; Very unreactive
 Rare-Earth Elements: Lanthanoids and the Actinoids; All radioactive, AN 93 and up
are synthetic
How do metals, nonmetals
and metalloids compare?
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Warm-Up: Element Quiz
Practice/Metals vs Nonmetals
WS
What happens to the
reactivity of the elements as
you move across and down
the periodic table?
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Warm-Up: Element Quiz
Practice
 Atomic radius DECREASES as you move ACROSS a period (protons
pulling the electrons towards the center of the atom)
 Atomic radius INCREASES as you move DOWN a group (shielding;
electrons in outer layer are shielded from the pull of the protons)
 Ionization energy INCREASES as you move ACROSS a period (harder
to take away electrons from non-metals)
 Ionization energy DECREASES as you move DOWN a group (they
already have a lot of electrons)
 Electronegativity INCREASES as you move across the period (non-
metals want electrons)
• Electronegativity DECREASES as you move DOWN a group (already
have a lot of electrons)
 Cations have a positive charge
 Anions have a negative charge
 Cations are smaller that the original atom because the protons pull more strongly
on the electrons (one or more were given away)
 Anions are bigger than the original atom because the protons can’t pull as strongly
on the electrons (one r more were added)
What is the trend for atomic
radius, ionization energy
and electronegativity as you
move across and down the
periodic table?