Download Lab DNA Analysis Report - Shamealle blackmon

Shamealle Blackmon
Due November 16, 2015
Bi 240 A
Lab DNA Analysis Report
Bacteria
Staph(A) VS Cyanobacteria(B)
Staph and cyanobacteria are both bacteria but very differnet when it comes to their genetic
makeup. For example the Q which is glutamine and the E which is for glutamine acid are similar
yet different and would cause a disruption in the coding process. A simple mutation like this
could account for new strands of disease or a strain resistance. Glycine and Threonine are two
totally different amino acids. Glycine is the smallest of the 20 amino acids commonly found in
proteins, and indeed is the smallest possible. The formula is NH₂CH₂COOH. Its codons are
GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG of the genetic code. Threonine is an essential, polar α-amino acid, with
the formula HO₂CCHCHCH₃. Together with serine, threonine is one of two proteinogenic amino
acids bearing an alcohol group. The arrangement of the genes coding for BlaR1 and BlaI
resembles the mecA system suggesting that mecA may have acquired the regulatory genes from
the blaZsystem sometime in the past12. The operator regions are similar enough to allow BlaI to
regulate PBP2a expression13. Consequently, the presence of a plasmid carrying
the blaZ regulatory genes can render PBP2a expression inducible under the control of BlaR1 and
BlaI, a situation that commonly occurs in clinical isolates of MRSA.
sequenceA
SequenceB
MSRQDKKLTGVFGHPVSDRENSMTAGPRGPLLMQDIYFLEQMSQFDREVIPERRMHAKGS
-MTEDKTLTTADGIPVADNQNSLTAGERGPILMQDFHLMEKLAHFNRERIPERVVHAKGA
:**.** . * **:*.:**:*** ***:****::::*::::*:** **** :****:
sequenceA
SequenceB
GAFGTFTVTKDITKYTNAKIFSEIGKQTEMFARFSTVAGERGAADAERDIRGFALKFYTE
AAFGTFTVTHDITRYTKAHLFSEIGKQTQVLLRFSTVGGEQGSADAERDPRGFAIKFYTE
.********:***:**:*::********::: *****.**:*:****** ****:*****
sequenceA
SequenceB
EGNWDLVGNNTPVFFFRDPKLFVSLNRAVKRDPRTNMRDAQNNWDFWTGLPEALHQVTIL
EGNWDVVGNNTPVFFIRDPLKFPDLIHTQKRHPQTHLKDADAKWDFWSLSPEALHQITIL
*****:*********:*** * .* :: **.*:*.::**: :****: ******:***
sequenceA
SequenceB
MSDRGIPKDLRHMHGFGSHTYSMYNDSGERVWVKFHFRTQQGIENLTDEVAAEIIATDRD
FSDRGTPKNHRHMDGFGSHTFSLINDRGERVWCKFHFKTMQGIDNFTAAEATRIKGEDPD
:**** **: ***.******:*: ** ***** ****:* ***:*:*
*:.* . * *
sequenceA
SequenceB
SSQRDLFEAIEKGDYPKWTMYIQVMTEEQAKNHKDNPFDLTKVWYHDEYPLIEVGEFELN
HATRDLFEAIDQGNYPKWRFCIQVMTEAQAAEYRENPFDLTKVWKHSEFPLIDVGILELN
: *******::*:**** : ****** ** ::::********* *.*:***:** :***
sequenceA
SequenceB
RNPDNYFMDVEQAAFAPTNIIPGLDFSPDKMLQGRLFSYGDAQRYRLGVNHWQIPVNQPK
RNPQNFFAEVEQAAFSPSNVVPGISFSPDKVLQSRIMSYPDAQRYRLGANYQQLPVNQPK
***:*:* :******:*:*::**:.*****:**.*::** ********.*: *:******
sequenceA
SequenceB
GVGIENICPFSRDGQMRVVDNNQGGGTHYYPNNHGKFDSQ-PEYKKPPFPTDGYGYEYNQ
CP----VMHYQRDGAMAL-GNNGGSGPNYEPNSHEDAPKQNSAYAEPAWDLGNVKVDRYD
: :.*** * : ** *.* .* **.* . .*
* :* :
: :
sequenceA
SequenceB
RQDDDNYFEQPGKLFRLQSEDAKERIFTNTANAMEGVTDDVKRRHIRHCYKADPEYGKGV
HRKGNDDYTQAGDLYRLMKPDAQQRLVANIADSLSAAKPEIQMRQLCHFFRADPNYGRQV
::. :: : * *.*:** . **::*:.:* *:::.... ::: *:: * ::***:**: *
sequenceA
SequenceB
AKALGIDINSIDLETENDETYENFEK
AEGLGIAIDPSMMSAATQPVGV---*:.*** *:
:.: .: .
Protist
The taxonomic kingdom Protista is a collection of single-celled organisms that do not fit
into any other category. Protists are a group made up of protozoa, unicellular algae, and slime
molds. The deoxyribonucleic acid of protists , like that of other eukaryotes is organized in long
molecules called chromosomes within the nucleus. When the cell divides, these chromosomes
replicate (dupl icate themselves) and then divide in a process called mitosis. Among some
protists, the nuclear membrane (the thin layer around the nucleus) stays intact during mitosis,
whereas in plants, animals, and fungi the nuclear membrane breaks down
Red Algae(A) vs Green Algae(B)
Red algae are mainly found in the marine environment while green algae are found in many
environments like fresh water, snow, attached to tree barks and in symbiosis with fungi and
lichens. Red algae can live in the deep sea because they absorb high energy blue light and green
algae are restricted to low tide areas because they absorb red light, which has lower energy. Red
algae are used as a food source while green algae are considered as potential bio-fuels
sequenceA
sequenceB
MTMAGRRLWVTAAAAAVVVAAATAAAGHPGSPHAEGPYTSEFGTLVGDDRNTLSAGPRGP
---------------------MDPSKVRPSSAYNSPYWTTNSGAPVWNNNNSMTVGPRGP
: :*.* : . :*:: *: * ::.*:::.*****
sequenceA
sequenceB
QLVQDTRAFEKLARFNRERIPERVVHARGTGAHGVFESYGDQSALTRAGFLGGAGRKTEV
ILLEDYHLIEKLAQFDRERIPERVVHARGAAAKGFFEVTHNVSHLTAADFLRAPGVQTPV
*::* : :****:*:*************:.*:*.**
: * ** * ** . * :* *
sequenceA
sequenceB
FVRFSTVIHSKGSPETLRDPRGFAVKFKIAEKYGGGIWDLVGNNLDVFFIRDQVSFPDMV
IVRFSTVVHERGSPETLRDPRGFAVKFYTR----EGNYDMVGNNMPVFFIRDGMKFPDMV
:******:*.:****************
* :*:****: ****** :.*****
sequenceA
sequenceB
HSLKPDPVTNIQDPNRFFDFFGALGGA----ATNMLTTLYSDLGTPATLREMNGHSVHAY
HAFKPNPKSHIQEAWRIMDFLSHHPESAHMASFGRLTFLLDDAGIPLNYRHMPGFGVHTF
*::**:* :.**: *::**:.
:
:
** * .* * * . *.* *..**::
sequenceA
sequenceB
KLISAERKVTYVKFQWTSMQGIRNFTAAEAMHMQARDFNHATRDLYDSIHSGKNPSWELR
KLINRAGKETYVKFHWIPKCGEKYLLDDEAVLVGGANHSHATKDLYDAIAAGDYPEWTLM
***.
* *****:*
* : :
**: : . :..***:****:* :*. *.* *
sequenceA
sequenceB
VQVMPSDRMYKLDFDPLDATKRWPEWIAPFKTIGRMTLNRVPDNFFQATESVAMSPGTFL
IQTMDPADEDKFDFDPLDVTKTWPESLFPLQPVGRMVLNRNVDNFFNDNEQVAFCPAIIV
:*.*
*:******.** *** : *:: :***.***
****: .*.**:.*. ::
sequenceA
sequenceB
PGAIEPSEDKLLQGRLVSYPDTQRYRLGANYADLPINRPVSPVRSYAQDGAGNNGAMKGT
PGI-GYTDDKLLQTRIFSYADTQRHRLGPNYLLLPVNAPRCPHHNNHHEGFMNIMHRDEE
**
::***** *:.** ****:*** ** **:* * .* :. ::* *
.
sequenceA
sequenceB
LNYGLSMTMPTFPTTHAALFSESKVCDVVTQAPIPVTADFAQAGELYNSYNWRERANLIA
INYFPSRFDPVRNAERVAAVSTAPLSGRREKVVIAKENNFAQAGARWRSFDPARQERLVV
:** *
*. : :.* .* : :.
:. *
:***** :.*:: .: .*:.
sequenceA
sequenceB
NLAGDLGQVRSML-VRNTMCSHFYKAHKQFGRRIARAVDCDMKVVKKMADALDG
RVADMLADPRCTQEIRRIWVGYWSQADPQLGSRIAAKLQGRGCL---------.:* *.: *.
:*.
.:: :*. *:* *** ::
:
Diatoms(A) vs Brown Algae (B)
There are more than 200 genera of living diatoms, and it is estimated that there are
approximately 100,000 extant species. Diatoms are a widespread group and can be found in
the oceans, in freshwater, in soils and on damp surfaces. Diatoms[6] are a major group of algae,
and are among the most common types of phytoplankton. Diatoms areunicellular, although they
can form colonies in the shape of filaments or ribbons. Diatoms are amazing often beautiful
microscopical algae whose typical feature is a siliceous coverage, called frustule, extremely
diverse in shape. Diatoms live in almost all types of superficial waters. Depending on their
habitats, diatoms are either planktonic, benthic, or both planktonic and benthic. The ecological
requirements of many diatom species areknown and therefore many diatom-based indexes of
water quality have been developed and are used to monitor water quality.
sequenceA
sequenceB
MGSDSKCPFAPKMNKAASANSYWWPDNINLKILNQQGANNPDPSFNYKEAFRELDVEMVK
MGRDKATSQIE------------------------------------------------** *.
sequenceA
sequenceB
RDVNKMLTTSQDWWPADWGHYGPFMIRMAWHAAGTYRISDGRGGANTANQRFAPLNSWPD
------------------------------------------------------------
sequenceA
sequenceB
NANLDKARRLMWPVKQKYGRKLSWGDLMMLTGNQALEIMGLKTIGFAFGREDIYSPEDDV
----------------EFARATSSGGTMTGSNGRPLESLT-----------------ESQ
::.* * * * : : ** :
:.
sequenceA
sequenceB
YWGPEKEMLSNDRFDENGDIKRPLGASEMGLIYVNPEGHDNEPNPTKSAHDIR-QTFRNM
TAGPG----------------GPITLQDYTLIDH-LAHFDRERIPERVVHAKGAGAFGYF
**
*: .: **
.*.* * : .*
:* :
sequenceA
sequenceB
AMDDYETVALIAGGHTFGKTHGAAPVSH----QGPEPEGASIEHQQLGYLSDYGTGKGKD
EVTTPE-LKGLCKGKMFSHVGKRTPVAVRFSTVGGESGSADTARDPRGFAVK-------:
* : :. *: *.:.
:**:
* * .*. :: *: .
sequenceA
sequenceB
TTTSGLEGAWTETPIQWDMNYFKNLFEYEWEVHKGPGGRHQWRPTDKSTFEMVPDAHEKG
--FYSEEGNWDLVGNNTPIFFIRDPILFPSFIHTQ-------------------KRNPRT
. ** * . : : :::: : :
:*.
. . :
sequenceA
sequenceB
KKNPPMMFTTDISLKIDPI------YGPI-SRHFYHHPDEF--------SAAFAKAWYKL
HLKDPDMFWDFISLRPETTHQVSFLFSDRGTPDGYRHMNGYGSHTFKNVNAQGNAVWVKY
: : * **
***: :
:.
: . *:* : :
.*
.* *
sequenceA
sequenceB
LHR-----------------------------------------------DMGPVSRCLG
HFKTDQGIRNLPAGEADVMQATNPDHAIQDLYNAIADGTPPSWTVYVQVMGLEEAARCSF
.:
: .:**
sequenceA
sequenceB
SDVPEPQLWQDPIPSL---DHELIDDEDV---AKLKK----------------------NPFDVTKVWPHADYPLREVGRMVLNRNPTNYFAEVEQMAYAPSNMIPGIEPSPDKMLQGR
. .
::* .
*
: ::: : .
*::::
sequenceA
sequenceB
--------------------------------QILGSTGIAGKIL--------GSSGPCV
LFSYNDTHRHRLGANYQQIPVNRPFNAKVQPYQRDGPMRVDGNMTDAPNYFPNSFSGPAA
* *
: *::
. ***..
sequenceA
sequenceB
SELVKVAWGSACT------YRGTDHR-----------GGANGARIRLAPQNTWKVNDPEE
ADPSHAGWHAERATGDVARYPTGDDDNFTQAGEFFRRTLDEGGRQRLTDNIAGALSGAQE
:: :..* : :
*
*.
:*.* **: : : :. :*
sequenceA
sequenceB
L--KRVLEHLEQIQLDFNEQQKGSNKRVSLADLIVLGGCAAIEYAAKNAGNDINIPFSPG
FIQKRAIANFAAADADYG-----RLISEKIKALARAGGSAASRVA--------PQPLNPP
: **.: .:
: *:
.: *
**.** . *
*:.*
sequenceA
sequenceB
RTDASSEQTVAESFDALEPSADGFRNYLKEGQSAKPEELLLNHAHLLTLTSPEMTVLLGG
R-------TVPKPYAAVHAKGRGASSL--------------------------------*
** : : *:. .. * .
sequenceA
sequenceB
LRVLKANTGNSEMGVFTKNPETLTNDFFVNLLDINTTWSSVEQDKNLFDGLEYGTGKLNW
------------------------------------------------------------
sequenceA
sequenceB
KASRFDLIFGSNSELRAIAEYYGSDDSNEVFLKDFVKAWTKVMELDRFDLK
---------------------------------------------------
Slime Molds vs Brown Algae
The molecular weight of single-stranded DNA from the slime mold Physarum
polycephalum has been determined by alkaline gradient centrifugation. Until recently, the slime
moulds were regarded as organisms of uncertain taxonomic status, claimed as fungi by
mycologists and as protozoa by protozoologists. To make things worse, several groups of
organisms have been included in the general term 'slime mould'. They include the cellular slime
moulds which are unicellular amoeboid organisms such as Dictyostelium; the endoparasitic
slime moulds such as the damaging plant pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot disease
of cruciferous crops), and the plasmodial slime moulds such as Physarum species.Analysis of
DNA sequences has now shown clearly that all these groups are evolutionarily distinct from one
another, and also distinct from the fungi.
SequenceA
SequenceB
-----------------MSAPVLTTSSGSPIDNNLNSMTAGVNGPILIQDFTLIDKLAHF
MGRDKATSQIEEFARATSSGGTMTGSNGRPLESLTESQTAGPGGPITLQDYTLIDHLAHF
*. .:* *.* *::. :* *** *** :**:****:****
SequenceA
SequenceB
DRERIPERVVHAKGAGAHGYFEVTSSDVPKWCKAKFLNKVGKRTPIFTRFSTVGGEKGSS
DRERIPERVVHAKGAGAFGYFEVTTPELKGLCKGKMFSHVGKRTPVAVRFSTVGGESGSA
*****************.******: ::
**.*::.:******: .********.**:
SequenceA
SequenceB
DSERDPRGFAVKFYTEEGNFDMVGNNTPVFFIRDPSKFPDFIHTQKRNPQTNCKDPNMFW
DTARDPRGFAVKFYSEEGNWDLVGNNTPIFFIRDPILFPSFIHTQKRNPRTHLKDPDMFW
*: ***********:****:*:******:****** **.*********:*. ***:***
SequenceA
SequenceB
DFLGQTPESTHQVSILFSDRGTPKSYRHMHGFSSHTLKFVNAQGKPYWVKLHFTSETGIQ
DFISLRPETTHQVSFLFSDRGTPDGYRHMNGYGSHTFKNVNAQGNAVWVKYHFKTDQGIR
**:. **:*****:********..****.*:.***:* *****: *** **.:: **:
SequenceA
SequenceB
NYTAEEAAKMSMNDPDSATRDLFETIAKGGEPAWKVSIQLMEFEDALKYRFNPFDVTKIW
NLPAGEADVMQATNPDHAIQDLYNAIADGTPPSWTVYVQVMGLEEAARCSFNPFDVTKVW
* * ** *. .:** * :**:::**.* *:*.* :*:* :*:* : ********:*
SequenceA
SequenceB
SHKDYPLIQIGRMVLNRNPENYFAEVEQAAFSPSHMVPGIEPSPDKMLQGRLFSYPDTHR
PHADYPLREVGRMVLNRNPTNYFAEVEQMAYAPSNMIPGIEPSPDKMLQGRLFSYNDTHR
* **** ::********* ******** *::**.*:****************** ****
SequenceA
SequenceB
HRLGVNYQQIPVNCPFAVKGGVKNYQRDGFMAVNGNGGKGPNYQPNSFGGPEPHPEFAQHRLGANYQQIPVNRPFNA--KVQPYQRDGPMRVDGNMTDAPNYFPNSFSGPAAADPSHAG
****.******** ** .
*: ***** * *:** ..*** ****.**
SequenceA
SequenceB
-HKFDVSGFAARQPYNHPNDDFVQPGDLYRLM-SEDAKSRFVSNLVGHMSGVTIKEIQVR
WHAERATGDVARYP-TGDDDNFTQAGEFFRRTLDEGGRQRLTDNIAGALSGAQ-EFIQKR
*
.:* .** * . :*:*.* *:::*
.* .:.*:..*:.* :**. : ** *
SequenceA
SequenceB
AVSNFYKADKDLGARLCKGLGIDVNDVIKFAAR---SNL--------------------AIANFAAADADYGRLISEKIKALARAGGSAASRVAPQPLNPPRTVPKPYAAVHAKGRGAS
*::** ** * * :.: :
..
. *:*
. *
SequenceA
SequenceB
-SL
Bryophytes(A) VS Pteris(B)
The ferns and their allies share a lot of commom morphlogy with the other vascular
plants and in many cases the same descriptive terminology is used. However, there are some
fundamental and significant differences of structure unique to the pteridophytes and a
specialized terminology has evolved to descdribe these. The most obvious difference between
the pteridophytes and the remainder of the vascular plants is that the ferns and their allies do
not produce large floral or reproductive structures that give rise to seeds which eventually
develop into the next generation of plants. Pteridophytes reproduce and disperse by means of
microscopic spores, the structure and development of which is every bit as intricate and
amazing as the flowers of the higher plants. Bryophyte is a traditional name used to refer to
all embryophytes that do not have true vascular tissue and are therefore called "non-vascular
plants"Pteris is a genus of about 280 species of ferns in the Pteridoideae subfamily of the
Pteridaceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Many of them
have linear frond segments, and some have sub-palmate division.
SequenceA
SequenceB
MAKDVGVEPGFPSKDYTDPPPAPLIDASEFGQWSFYRAVIAEFVATLLFLYITIATVIGA
----------MPLRNIALGRYNELM------DPEPLKAGFAELVSTFLFVFIGEGCAIAF
:* :: :
*:
: . :* :**:*:*:**::* . .*.
SequenceA
SequenceB
VR---NAGCDGVGLLGIAWAFGGMIFVLVYCTAGISGGHINPAVTFGLLLARKISLPRAL
IVVSNGTVLTPVGLLITAICHGFAIYVAIANGYHVSGGHVNPAVTVGLLVGGYITIFKAI
:
:
**** * ..* *:* :
:****:*****.***:. *:: :*:
SequenceA
SequenceB
AYMIAQCLGAICGAGLVKGFQTAFYMRYGGGANSVAAGYSIGTGLAAEIIGTFVLVYTVF
LYIIMQLIGAVLASLLLKYTMNGAS----LPVHDVGGGDNVAQALVLEIVLTFLLLYTIY
*:* * :**: .: *:*
..
...*..* .:. .*. **: **:*:**::
SequenceA
SequenceB
SATDPKRNARDSHVPVLAPLPIGFAVFMVHLATIPITGTGINPARSFGAAVIYNRSKPWN
ARAVDPR---AKETASTAPLTVGMLVTALILCGAPFSGCSMNPARSFGPALV---AWSWD
: :
*
...
*** :*: * : *. *::* .:******* *::
: *:
SequenceA
SequenceB
DHWIYWVGPFLGAALAAAYHQYVLRAGPFKSLGSFRSAPSHI---NHWIYWVGPILGGALAGIIYELIYIETSEPTGGQHERLPSSADQDY
:********:**.***. :: :
: *... **
Pteris(A) vs Gynosperm(B)
Angiosperms, also called flowering plants, have seeds that are enclosed within an
ovary (usually a fruit), while gymnosperms have no flowers or fruits, and have unenclosed
or “naked” seeds on the surface of scales or leaves. Gymnosperm seeds are often configured
as cones. The characteristics that differentiate angiosperms from gymnosperms include
flowers, fruits, and endosperm in the seeds. Tissue formation in angiosperms exceeds the
amount and complexity found in gymnosperms. Angiosperms have a triploid vascular
tissue, flat leaves in numerous shapes and hardwood stems. Because of the innumerable
varieties of the fruit and/or flower-bearing plants, they have variegated colors and shapes of
leaves, flowers and fruits. Gymnosperms are haploid, have spiky, needle-like leaves and
are softwood. Gymnosperms are "simpler" anatomically because they do not bear flowers or
fruit, and although of different species, are usually only tall evergreens with brown cones.
SequenceA
SequenceB
MPLRNIALGRYNELMDPEPLKAGFAELVSTFLFVFIGEGCAIAFIVVSNGTVLTPVGLLI
------------------------------------------------------------
SequenceA
SequenceB
TAICHGFAIYVAIANGYHVSGGHVNPAVTVGLLVGGYITIFKAILYIIMQLIGAVLASLL
----------------------------------------------------GAICGAGL
**: .: *
SequenceA
SequenceB
LKYTMNGASLP-VHDVGGGDN-------VAQALVLEIVLTFLLLYTIYARAVDPRAK--VKA----FQKPYYDRYGGGANVVAHGYTKGVGLAAEIIGTFVLVYTVFSATDPKRSARDS
:*
. * . *** *
. .*. **: **:*:**::: :
*:
SequenceA
SequenceB
ETASTAPLTVGMLVTALILCGAPFSGCSMNPARSFGPALVAWSWDNHWIYWVGPILGGAL
HVPVLAPLPIGFAVFMVHLATIP-------------------------------------
..
SequenceA
SequenceB
*** :*: *
: *.
*
AGIIYELIYIETSEPTGGQHERLPSSADQDY
-------------------------------
Sponges(A) vs Cnidarians(B)
Invertebrates are organisms without backbones. Let’s look at two very simple types of
invertebrates; Sponges and Cnidarians. Sponges (Phylum Porifera), found in oceans all over the
world, are made up of colonies of specialized cells—some help push water through the sponge,
some help it feed, some are responsible for reproduction, etc.They feed by filtering water
through its pores. They have flagella on the inside that drive the water through and pick up
particulates in the water. In this sense, they are known as sessile filter feeders. Sponges are
attached to the ground below them—they are sessile (unable to move). However, sponges can
move around at certain times in their lifespan.Sponges belong to the phylum Porifera in the
animal kingdom. The main reasons they are placed into this phylum is due to the presents of
numerous holes called pores. They also lack tissue found in other animals. Many biologists
believe sponges are groups of colonial cells living together in one larger structure. These animals
have other characteristics that make them unique members of the animal kingdom. They are
filter feeders. They do not contain any muscle or nervous tissue. The inner canals of the sponge
is lined with special cells called collar cells. They gather food by filtering it out of the water as it
flows through it and start the digestive process. They will then pass the food on to another set of
cells called amebocytes that will finish the digestive process and pass on the food to other cells
as they move through the sponges body. The Cnidarian gastrovascular cavity contains special
cells that dump digestive enzymes into it and digest the contents. Sponges do not contain definite
cell layers. They lack tissue found in other animals. Many biologists believe sponges are groups
of colonial cells living together in one larger structure.
SequenceA
SequenceB
MRTSLRVHPQETAPLLQRRGGGLSNSYSNSPYKKPRWYKRPKFYINILRRGLAEFLGTAL
-----------------------------MAYIEIKLGANEIGTWRFWRAVLAEFLGMLL
* : :
.
.: * ****** *
SequenceA
SequenceB
FVFIAVSSASSVNIDSDCGRSVSSSSATVVALATGFAYAALMAANGHVSGGHMNPAVTVG
FLLCVTTVALHGTIGNQS------ANNVEAGLGIAFGITTLAQAFGHVSGGHLNPAVTLG
*:: ..: *
.* .:.
:. . ..*. .*. ::* * *******:*****:*
SequenceA
SequenceB
VFIAGGINVVAAAVYILVQLIGGIVGAACVLAYDNDDYYPNGTDPNSTEPESVVDYGLTN
LVVGGRTPIIRGFFYIVAQMVGAIAGSGITYGCTPE----------AARA----TLGVNA
:.:.*
:: . .**:.*::*.*.*:. . .
:
::.
*:.
SequenceA
SequenceB
L-QGVTPLQGIAVETVLTLMVVMVYTHTTMEGDNKGEHSHRNFAAPLATGFAMAAGIMSS
VAEGVRVGHAFTLEMLFTFILVFFVL-SVTDP----IKKVEPYGQTLGIGICIWVAHVCL
: :**
:.:::* ::*:::*:.
:. :
:. . :. *. *:.: .. :.
SequenceA
SequenceB
YFITGGSFNPARSLGPAVVGSSPSRWDYHYVYWIGPTLGAMLAGVFYRLVLSSNPL---IPYTNCSINPARSFGPAVIM---DSWKDHWIFWIGPFVGGLVAALLYSCIFYAEEEEKYE
*
SequenceA
SequenceB
*:*****:****:
. *. *:::**** :*.::*.::*
:: ::
-------IPLTDTDSKTRGSINTHSQ
VERQRSAIPLQNAKTSA---------
Platyhelminthes(A) vs Gastropods(B)
The flatworms, or Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths are a phylum of
relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates. Flatworms are dorsoventrally flattened. The epidermis is generally ciliated in the turbellarians, while trematodes
and cestodes are covered with a cuticle. Beneath the outer covering are two layers of muscle,
an outer circular layer, and an inner longitudinal layer; this arrangement permits an
undulating form of locomotion that can be observed in the larger turbellarian species. A
saclike digestive cavity, with a single opening to the outside that serves as both mouth and
anus, is sometimes present; in the simpler forms it is absent or unbranched, but in higher
forms it branches to all parts of the body. The major sense organs, when present, are
concentrated in the head, or front end. Although a primitive nerve net is present in some of
the simpler forms, others have several nerve cords extending from a brain along the length of
the body. The latter pattern of organization is retained in the nervous systems of higher
invertebrates, specifically annelids and arthropods. The Gastropoda or gastropods, more
commonly known as snails and slugs, are a large taxonomic class within the phylum
Mollusca. The class Gastropoda includes snails and slugs of all kinds and all sizes from
microscopic to large. Snails show a tremendous variety of shapes, based primarily upon
the logarithmic spiral. They can be coiled flatly in one plane, as in Planorbis; become
globose with the whorls increasing rapidly in size, as in Pomacea; have the whorls become
elongate and rapidly larger, as in Conus and Scaphella; have a few flatly coiled whorls that
massively increase in width, as in Haliotis; become elongated and spike-shaped, as
in Turritella; or be humped to form a limpet shape, as in Fissurella. Often a number of such
shell shapes can be found among species within a single family, but such marine families as
the Terebridae, Conidae, and Cypraeidae are conservative in shape. Shells of different species
vary markedly in thickness, and those of many species bear conspicuous spines and ridges,
probably as an evolutionary adaptation to predation.
SequenceA
SequenceB
---------------------------------------------------MNLNKNMSN
MLDIMKETVEDLRTSNLWLALPSEFVGTLAITLLGCGTWISWQGEGPDVVRVALTFGLAV
: *. ::
SequenceA
SequenceB
N-IMKFFNELFVTTNLNKNM--SN---IIKTLINKTLYINDNL----------------ATVVWIFGHI-SGGHVNPAVTIAALFTRRVSIIRGILYIVAQVVGGIVGAGILYGLTPSV
:: :* .:
.:* : :
::*. *** ::
SequenceA
SequenceB
----IITEKIDKIESLNLRIFCEMVISFVLVFTVMRLCVEKSRSTTEKGLAPLIIGISIT
KQGNLGSNALNANVSASQGFGVELIVTFVYVLAVFS--SLDDKRTDLRGSSPLTIGLAVV
: :: ::
* . : *::::** *::*:
..: * :* :** **:::.
SequenceA
SequenceB
IGVYCGMNISGGSMNPAVSFGKYLCTGST-GITSHIIGPLSGGFLAGILQQLVFSSNLSF
VCHLFAIPYTRASLNPARSFGPALIMDVWDDHWVFWVGPVAGALLAGLLYDYIFAAGATF
:
.: : .*:*** *** *
. :**::*.:***:* : :*:: :*
SequenceA
DHIKSYLFSSEFDNDESSNN-----ER-QNDIQLNDTSKTGCYSPNIEHVQ---------
SequenceB
AGAKKCLLRTKKPRKQPEPEKAPLEEAKNEVIEIDETKLDGEKGEAIIEADPEKGKEGEE
*. *: :: ..: . :
* :: *::::*. * . * ..:
SequenceA
SequenceB
-AN
Animalia(A) vs Arthropoda (B)
They are one of the oldest animal groups with fossils as old as 555 million years. One of the
best known of all fossils, Trilobites are Arthropods and were present in significant diversity 530
million years ago.Arthropods are found everywhere on earth in every kind of habitat, they fly,
swim, crawl, burrow, and live as external and internal parasites.The combined mass of
Arthropods is easily greater than that of all other animals combined. The total human mass on
earth has been estimated at being similar to the world termite total, the figures for ants are up to
twenty times greater (both are insects and so also arthropods).The combined biomass of a
crustacean, Euphausia superba, the Antarctic krill is estimated to be in the region of 500 million
tonnes making it by mass, the most abundant single species on earth.However you look at it, it is
difficult not to be convinced that earth is the planet of the Arthropods, they are older than nearly
other animal groups, more numerous and of much greater biomass. Wherever you go on earth, if
there is an animal living there it will most likely be an Arthropod, if it is on land, it will probably
be an insect, in the sea a crustacean.
SequenceA
SequenceB
MSDEKINVHQYPSETDVRGLKARNGGACEVPFEENNEPIPNRSANPQEKNENELVGDNAD
------------------------------------------MATKTTEKTSSII----*.
:: ..::
SequenceA
SequenceB
NEAHDAVDVNYWAPRQLRLDYRNYMGEFLGTFVLLFMGNGVVATTILDKDLGFLSITLGW
---------GLSDVTDNKLIWRQLVAELVGTFLLTSIGVAACITINASTAPHTTSIALCF
: :* :*: :.*::***:* :* .. *
..
**:* :
SequenceA
SequenceB
GIAVTMGLYISLGISCGHLNPAVTLANAVFGCFPWRRVPGYIAAQMLGAFVGAACAYGVY
GLLVGSIVQGIGHVSGGHINPAVTAGLFAAGDIKLLKAIFYIVVQSLGAVAGAAFIRLA*: *
:
:* **:***** . . * :
:. **..* ***..***
.
SequenceA
SequenceB
ADLLKQHSGGLVGFGDKGFAGMFSTYPREGNRLFYCIFSEFICTAILLFCVGGIFDPNNS
-----IPA--------DSIGGFGMTLPGPGVTEAQAVLVEALITFVLVMVVMGVCDPQRN
:
..:.*: * * *
.:: * : * :*:: * *: **:..
SequenceA
SequenceB
PAKGHEPLAVGALVFAIGNNIGYASGYAINPARDFGPRVFSAILFGSEVFTTGNYYFWVP
DLKGSAPLAIGLSITACHAAVIPFTGSSMNPARTFGPALVIGNW-------TSQWVYW-** ***:* : *
:
:* ::**** *** :. .
*.:: :*
SequenceA
SequenceB
LFIPFLGGIFGLFLYKYFVPY-----------VGPVVGSVVAGLLYKFALRIKKAGDTGSYDF
. *.:*.:.. :***: :
Echinoderm(A) vs Arthropoda(B)
Echinoderms are slow animals radically different from us, but they are an evolutionary
success. All echinoderms have five-part symmetry. We see the inner workings of sea stars,
from their tube feet to their skeleton. Urchins are ferocious herbivores chomping down kelp
with their jaws. Cucumbers vacuum clean food from the sediment with their tube feet having
a big affect on sea floor ecology. Brittle stars blanket some areas of the ocean bottom
catching drifting plankton. Echinoderms pump water into their tube feet, giving them power
to move. They have light-sensing organs and can smell their way to food. Sea stars are
formidable predators. We see their tube feet pry open a mussel and extrude the stomach into
the mussel. A camera inside the mussel shows us actual footage of the stomach digesting the
mussel. We also see the formidable many armed sun star chase and catch a snail.
Echinoderms are 5-layered symmetry, mostly radial. Most possess a through gut with an
anus. Highly variable body shape, no head. Open circulatory system, though poorly defined.
No excretory organs. Live in marine environments.
Arthropods mostly live in every possible habitat. Jointed external skeleton. Pairs of jointed
appendages. Bilateral symmetry.
SequenceA
SequenceB
MDDSSTASKGRC-----CRCSVTTCRCIVAEFFCMFLFMFIAGTTDLAWADRPPTSELQV
MATKTTEKTSSIIGLSDVTDNKLIWRQLVAELVGTFLLTSIGVAACITINASTAPHTTSI
* .:* ...
.
* :***:. **: *. :: ::
.:
SequenceA
SequenceB
ALTLGFAVTTLTQCFDAISGSHLNPVVTMGFIITRQVGLIKGIVFLAVQFTGAFTACLLL
ALCFGLLVGSIVQGIGHVSGGHINPAVTAGLFAAGDIKLLKAIFYIVVQSLGAVAGAAFI
** :*: * ::.* : :**.*:**.** *:: : :: *:*.*.::.** **.:.. ::
SequenceA
SequenceB
QGSIPADLQGSLGSTSPSSEISSHLAFGIELILTFIYVFVVLSSWELRLPESGYLPGCRA
RLAIPADSIGGFGMTLPGPGVTEAQAVLVEALITFVLVMVVMGVC---DPQRNDLKGSAP
: :**** *.:* * *. ::. *. :* ::**: *:**:.
*:
* *.
SequenceA
SequenceB
LVIGITYSMNTMWGYAFTQASMNPARSLAAAVITNVDTTLWLVLLEVYVAGPVLGAVVSA
LAIGLSITACHAAVIPFTGSSMNPARTFGPALVIGNWTSQW-----VYWVGPVVGSVVAG
*.**:: :
** :******::. *::
*: *
** .***:*:**:.
SequenceA
SequenceB
LIYKYIFATMATRDRRRRQNAGAANGESSEEENMVALQSISSXESGGLRIHEIFSSPARI
LLYKFALRIKKAGDTGSYDF---------------------------------------*:**: :
: *
:
SequenceA
SequenceB
AYYPFCD
-------