Download Chapter 2 Section 2.1

Minerals are all around us
2.1 – MINERALS ARE ALL AROUND US
2.2 – A MINERAL IS IDENTIFIED BY ITS PROPERTIES
2.3 – MINERALS ARE VALUABLE RESOURCES
Minerals are all around us
Minerals have four characteristics

A mineral is a substance that:
 Forms
 Is
in nature
a solid
 Has
a definite chemical makeup
 Has
a crystal structure
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
mineral
formed in
nature
solid
element
crystal
A mineral has
four
characteristics.
crystal
structure
cubic
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
formed in
nature
solid
mineral
chlorine
element
crystal
A mineral has
four
characteristics.
definite
chemica
l makeup
crystal
structure
sodium
halite
Minerals are different from Rocks:


A mineral must have the four characteristics.
A rock has only two, it is a solid and it forms
naturally.
1. Forms in Nature:

Minerals formed by natural processes.

The mineral halite (table salt), forms when
water evaporates in a hot, shallow part of the
ocean, leaving behind the salt it contained.
1. Forms in Nature:

Many types of minerals, including the ones in
granite, develop when molten rocks cool.
1. Forms in Nature:

Talc, a mineral that can be used to make baby
powder, forms deep in Earth as high pressure
and temperature cause changes in solid rock.
2. Mineral is a solid


A mineral is a solid, it has a definite volume and
a rigid shape
A Liquid or Gas is not a mineral
3. A Mineral has Definite Chemical Makeup.

It consists of specific combination of elements.

An element is a substance that contains only
one type of atoms.
4. A Mineral has a crystal Structure:

A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are
arranged in an orderly, repeating threedimensional pattern.
DIAMOND AND GRAPHITE

Both consists of one element -Carbon.

The arrangement of the carbon atoms are not
the same, so they have different structure and
properties

Diamond is extremely hard , graphite is soft and
dull.
DIAMOND AND GRAPHITE
Minerals are Grouped according to
Composition


Scientist classify minerals into groups based on
their chemical makeups.
The most common group is the silicates. All the
minerals in this group contain silicon and
oxygen joined together.
Rock forming Minerals:

Only 30 minerals make up most rocks in the
crust. That is why they are called rock-forming
minerals.

Silicates, make up 90% of rocks on Earth’s crust. They are the most
common Rock forming Minerals ( silicates: silicon and oxygen)

Second most common group of rock-forming minerals is the
carbonates.

All minerals in this group contain carbon and oxygen joined
together on rock- forming minerals.