Download Electricity Notes - Lanier Bureau of Investigation

Electricity Notes
Electrical charge and static electricity
Atoms are made of charges,
_____________________. These charges exert
forces. (They push ________and pull
____________).
____________________: like charges repel (push
apart) and unlike charges attract (pull toward
each other).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-5LxwZCfW4
(1) ATTRACT OR (2) REPEL
a. Two positive charges
b. Two negative charges
c. A negative and a positive charge
d. +
e. +
+
f. -
Electric field is the _________ around
ONE charge that would affect another
charge within it.
Electric force is the push or pull
___________ two charges.
The amount of the force is based on the
size of the charges and the distance.
Charge it!
Atoms usually are __________ (no charge)
because they have an equal number of
protons and electrons which cancel each
other out.
However, atoms can lose _________ and
become ______________ charged. (Only
electrons move, not protons or neutrons)
a. Electric field
b. Electric force
c. Neutral charge
d. Positive charge
e. Negative charge
1. An atom’s charge when it loses electrons
2. An atom usually has this type of charge
3. An atom’s charge when it gains electrons
4. The push or pull between two charges
5. The area around an object with an electric
charge
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Electric field
Electric force
Neutral charge
Positive charge
Negative charge
3
2.
1
5.
4
How to charge an object
There are three ways to charge an object.
1) __________ – rubbing two things together
results in electrons moving from one object
to the other.
2) _____________ – transfer of electrons by
touch (similar to thermal conduction)
3) _____________ – a negatively charged
object approaches a neutral object making all
the negative particles push away
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Balloons_and_St
atic_Electricity
How do we know something is
charged?
An ___________ shows whether something is
charged by drawing the same charges from
the metal and making the metal leaves spread
apart __________.
(1) Conduction (2) Friction (3)
Induction
A
Charging an object by
rubbing it against
another object so that
electrons move from
one to the other
C
B
Charging an object by
touching to another
object so that electrons
transfer.
Bringing a charged object
near an uncharged object
so that the like charges are
repelled and the uncharged
object becomes charged.
(1) Conduction (2) Friction (3)
Induction
A
B
C
Moving charges
Some materials conduct electricity meaning
they allow charges to _____________through
them, these are called ____________.
- Conductors are used for _________.
- Water is a conductor (unless it is distilled)
- We also have to guard against materials that
will allow ___________ to flow through them
if it isn’t something we want.
Insulators are materials in which charges cannot
easily move. Such as:
(1) Conductor or (2) Insulator
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Plastic water bottle
Metal hinge
Basketball
Lead
Stapler
Wooden pencil
Paper airplane
(1) Conductor or (2) Insulator
A
B
c
D
E
Static Electricity
_______________is the buildup of charges on
an object. It is called _________because it is
not moving.
______________– eventually static electricity
leaves an object. We call this electric
______________. It can occur slowly or
quickly, as in electrical shock.
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=John_Travo
ltage
A __________is a device that produces an
electric current by converting chemical energy
into electrical energy. A _________ is made of
several cells. Batteries use DC or direct
current which moves in one direction.
A _______ cell converts a _________
In to electrical energy.
_____________ is the part of a solar panel that
converts light into electrical energy.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Static electricity
Electrical discharge
Cell
Photocell
1. Converts chemical energy into electrical energy
2. Electric shock- when charges leave one object for
another less charged object
3. The build up of charges on an object
4. Converts light energy into electrical energy
Electric current
___________ is the rate at which charges pass a
certain point.
Our homes use _______ or
____________________where the charges
continually switch from one direction to the
other. Voltage may vary. In the US we use
120V
Resistance
______________ is the opposition to the flow of
electrical charge. It is a type of “electrical
friction“.
RESULTS IN _____________!
A. Electric current
B. Static electricity
C. Resistance
1. The result when charges build up but do not
move.
2. The result when charges are opposed (slow
down)
3. The result when charges move pass a certain
point