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A Astronomy 101, Final Name___________________________________________________________________ No notes, No books; You can use calculators. Pick the best answer for each question. Constants that you may need to know: c = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 meters h = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 g = 9.8 m/s2 σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4 mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kg radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 m radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m 1) Which of these objects is considered a dwarf planet? A) Hydra B) Makemake C) Mercury D) Phobos E) Nix 2) Pluto’s three moons are … A) Chiron, Phobos, and Deimos B) Charon, Nix, and Hydra C) Haumea, Makemake, and Ceres D) Hades, Persephone, and Loki E) Hercules, Hela, and Tycho 3) Tidal forces arise because … A) when a body accelerates it loses energy B) the gravitational force exerted on one body by a second body is constant across its diameter. C) one kilogram of water is more massive than one kilogram of rock on the Earth D) the gravitational force exerted on one body by a second body is not constant across its diameter. E) the gravitational force of the Moon on the Earth is twice as strong in the Summer in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Winter Astronomy 101, Final A 4) Which of these statements is one of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion? A) The orbit of every planet is a circle with the sun at the center. B) The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Earth at the center. C) The cube of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the square root of the semi-major axis of its orbit. D) A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. E) All planets have cleared the neighborhood of their orbit. 5) A solar eclipse occurs during a … A) New Moon B) Full Moon C) First Quarter Moon D) Third Quarter Moon E) Waning Crescent 6) A light-year is a unit of … A) B) C) D) E) time. distance. energy. force. power. 7) Seasons on the Earth are a consequence of … A) the varying distance between the Earth and the Sun during the year. B) the varying speed of the Earth in its orbit about the Sun. C) the precession of the Earth's rotation axis. D) the tilt of the Earth's rotation axis relative to the ecliptic. E) the tilt of the Moon's orbital plane relative to the ecliptic. 8) A body is 8 Astronomical Units from the Sun. What is the body’s orbital period around the Sun? A) 18.7 years B) 22.6 years C) 20.4 years D) 24.8 years E) 28.3 years Astronomy 101, Final A 9) Which of these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength? A) B) C) D) E) Gamma-ray infrared X-ray visible ultraviolet 10) The hottest part of the Sun is its … A) B) C) D) E) photosphere Core Radiative zone Convective zone Corona 11) A photon has a frequency of 1 x 10-13 Hz. What is the wavelength of this photon? A) B) C) D) E) 3 x 10-5 meters 6.626 x 10-21 meters 3 x 108 meters 6.626 x 10-6 meters 3 x 1021 meters 12) As the frequencies of photons of light increase, their … A) B) C) D) E) Wavelengths increase and their energies increase Wavelengths decrease and their energies increase Wavelengths decrease and their energies decrease Wavelengths increase and their energies stay the same Wavelengths stay the same and their energies stay the same 13) Which spectral type of star has the hottest surface temperature? A) B) C) D) E) G2 B7 A4 F9 K6 Astronomy 101, Final A 14) What color is an M2 star? A) B) C) D) E) blue red yellow white green 15) Put these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from lowest frequency to highest frequency: Lowest Highest frequency A) B) C) D) E) Radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma-ray Gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio Radio, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma-ray, infrared Gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, radio, infrared Radio, X-ray, infrared, ultraviolet, visible, gamma-ray 16) A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors since different wavelengths of light are refracted differently by glass and leave the prism at different angles. What is the order of the colors of light from smallest to largest energy of the photons? Smallest Largest energy A) B) C) D) E) Violet, Indigo, Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet Red, Yellow, Orange, Blue, Green, Indigo, Violet Violet, Indigo, Green, Blue, Orange, Yellow, Red Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red 17) Assume that 40K has a half-life of 1.25 x 109 years and decays into either 40Ar or 40 Ca. You initially start with 500 grams of pure 40K. How many grams of 40K will you have in 3.75 x 109 years? A) 62.5 grams B) 100 grams C) 125 grams D) 250 grams E) 500 grams Astronomy 101, Final A 18) Why is part of the core of the Earth thought to be liquid? A) B) C) D) S-waves cannot pass through the core The density of the Earth is larger than the Moon P-waves cannot pass through the core The Earth must have incorporated a large abundance of liquid helium when it formed E) Volcanoes in the Earth allow water to sink to the core 19) The solar nebula was primarily … A) B) C) D) E) hydrogen nitrogen helium oxygen iron 20) Shoemaker-Levy 9 … A) B) C) D) E) was a spacecraft that studied Jupiter. was a spacecraft that studied impact craters on Mars. is a Dwarf Planet. was a comet. is a satellite of Saturn. 21) Which gas is considered a greenhouse gas? A) N2 B) H2 C) He D) CO2 E) Kr 22) Why was the South Pole-Aitken Basin though to be the best place to look for water ice on the Moon? A) B) C) D) E) The solar wind only strikes the South Pole-Aitken Basin The South Pole-Aitken Basin is predominately Lunar Maria The South Pole-Aitken Basin is predominately Lunar Highlands Comets only impact the Moon at the South Pole-Aitken Basin Some craters are extremely cold at the South Pole-Aitken Basin since they are permanently shaded from the Sun Astronomy 101, Final A 23) Put these bodies in order from lowest to highest density. Lowest density highest density A) B) C) D) E) Moon, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn Moon, Jupiter, Saturn, Earth Saturn, Jupiter, Moon, Earth Jupiter, Saturn, Earth, Moon Earth, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter 24) Which of these planets is not considered a Jovian planet? A) B) C) D) E) Neptune Mars Uranus Saturn Jupiter 25) Mars atmosphere is predominately … A) B) C) D) E) O3 N2 CO2 H2 He 26) Channels on Mars are usually assumed to be due to either due to flowing water in the past or … A) B) C) D) E) organisms lava glaciers tidal forces due to Martian moons lightning 27) Many astronomers believe that Mars was once covered with oceans much like the Earth, even though it possesses little or no liquid water on its surface now. What does this imply about Martian history? A) B) C) D) E) The atmosphere of Mars is thicker today than in its distant past The atmosphere of Mars was thicker in the past than today The thickness of the Martian atmosphere hasn’t changed over its history The size of the Martian core must have been much smaller Mars must have had more moons A Astronomy 101, Final elevation (km) C B A 28) In the above figure, A is on what feature? A) B) C) D) E) Caloris Basin Gusev Crater Bonneville Crater Hellas Basin Olympus Mons 29) In the above figure, the white arrow next to B points to what feature? A) Maxwell Montes B) Olympus Mons C) Hellas Basin D) Phoenix Heights E) Mount St. Helens 30) In the above figure, the black arrow next to C points to what feature? A) Maxwell Montes B) Valles Marineris C) Hellas Basin D) Grand Canyon E) Mount St. Helens Astronomy 101, Final A 31) The geology of Venus appears to be dominated by …… A) B) C) D) E) volcanism plate tectonics erosion by flowing water impact cratering erosion by glaciers 32) Why is the Mercury covered with impact craters and the Earth isn’t? A) Mercury has a lower gravitation acceleration than the Earth B) Wind, water, volcanism, and ice on Earth have destroyed most of its impact craters C) Mercury is smaller than the Earth D) Huge impacts on the Earth have covered up most of the impact craters E) The Earth’s magnetic field stops most objects from hitting the Earth’s surface 33) The Great Red Spot is located on … A) B) C) D) E) Earth Jupiter Neptune Uranus Pluto 34) The Drake equation estimates the potential number of extraterrestrial civilizations in … A) B) C) D) E) Our universe Our galaxy Our solar system The Andromeda galaxy The local cluster of galaxies 35) The atmosphere of Titan is most similar to .. A) B) C) D) E) Earth Mars Jupiter Mercury Io Astronomy 101, Final A 36) Which of these bodies has the most active volcanoes? A) B) C) D) E) Mercury Io Ganymede Phobos Deimos 37) The rings of Saturn are predominately composed of … A) B) C) D) E) Hematite Sulfates Water ice Olivine Pyroxene 38) Which is not a Galilean moon? A) B) C) D) E) Triton Io Ganymede Callisto Europa 39) Besides asteroids, what bodies in our solar system do most scientists think that we have samples of in our meteorite collections? A) B) C) D) E) Just the Moon Just Mars Just Venus Just the Moon and Mars Just Mars and Venus 40) The Kuiper Belt extends from … A) B) C) D) E) The orbit of Mars to the orbit of Jupiter The orbit of Neptune to approximately 55 AU from the Sun Approximately 0.6 AU from the Sun to the orbit of Earth The orbit of Earth to the orbit of Mars Approximately 50,000 AU from the Sun to approximately 80,000 AU from the Sun