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Astronomy 101, Final
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No notes, No books; You can use calculators. Pick the best answer for each question.
Constants that you may need to know:
c = 3 x 108 m/s
1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters
1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 meters
h = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s
G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
g = 9.8 m/s2
σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4
mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg
mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg
radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m
1 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters
mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kg
mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kg
radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 m
radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m
1) Which of these objects is considered a dwarf planet?
A) Hydra
B) Makemake
C) Mercury
D) Phobos
E) Nix
2) Pluto’s three moons are …
A) Chiron, Phobos, and Deimos
B) Charon, Nix, and Hydra
C) Haumea, Makemake, and Ceres
D) Hades, Persephone, and Loki
E) Hercules, Hela, and Tycho
3) Tidal forces arise because …
A) when a body accelerates it loses energy
B) the gravitational force exerted on one body by a second body is constant
across its diameter.
C) one kilogram of water is more massive than one kilogram of rock on the Earth
D) the gravitational force exerted on one body by a second body is not constant
across its diameter.
E) the gravitational force of the Moon on the Earth is twice as strong in the
Summer in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Winter
Astronomy 101, Final
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4) Which of these statements is one of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion?
A) The orbit of every planet is a circle with the sun at the center.
B) The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Earth at the center.
C) The cube of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the square
root of the semi-major axis of its orbit.
D) A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal
intervals of time.
E) All planets have cleared the neighborhood of their orbit.
5) A solar eclipse occurs during a …
A) New Moon
B) Full Moon
C) First Quarter Moon
D) Third Quarter Moon
E) Waning Crescent
6) A light-year is a unit of …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
time.
distance.
energy.
force.
power.
7) Seasons on the Earth are a consequence of …
A) the varying distance between the Earth and the Sun during the year.
B) the varying speed of the Earth in its orbit about the Sun.
C) the precession of the Earth's rotation axis.
D) the tilt of the Earth's rotation axis relative to the ecliptic.
E) the tilt of the Moon's orbital plane relative to the ecliptic.
8) A body is 8 Astronomical Units from the Sun. What is the body’s orbital period
around the Sun?
A) 18.7 years
B) 22.6 years
C) 20.4 years
D) 24.8 years
E) 28.3 years
Astronomy 101, Final
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9) Which of these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Gamma-ray
infrared
X-ray
visible
ultraviolet
10) The hottest part of the Sun is its …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
photosphere
Core
Radiative zone
Convective zone
Corona
11) A photon has a frequency of 1 x 10-13 Hz. What is the wavelength of this photon?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3 x 10-5 meters
6.626 x 10-21 meters
3 x 108 meters
6.626 x 10-6 meters
3 x 1021 meters
12) As the frequencies of photons of light increase, their …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Wavelengths increase and their energies increase
Wavelengths decrease and their energies increase
Wavelengths decrease and their energies decrease
Wavelengths increase and their energies stay the same
Wavelengths stay the same and their energies stay the same
13) Which spectral type of star has the hottest surface temperature?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
G2
B7
A4
F9
K6
Astronomy 101, Final
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14) What color is an M2 star?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
blue
red
yellow
white
green
15) Put these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from lowest frequency to
highest frequency:
Lowest  Highest frequency
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma-ray
Gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio
Radio, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma-ray, infrared
Gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, radio, infrared
Radio, X-ray, infrared, ultraviolet, visible, gamma-ray
16) A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors since
different wavelengths of light are refracted differently by glass and leave the
prism at different angles. What is the order of the colors of light from smallest to
largest energy of the photons?
Smallest  Largest energy
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Violet, Indigo, Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet
Red, Yellow, Orange, Blue, Green, Indigo, Violet
Violet, Indigo, Green, Blue, Orange, Yellow, Red
Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red
17) Assume that 40K has a half-life of 1.25 x 109 years and decays into either 40Ar or
40
Ca. You initially start with 500 grams of pure 40K. How many grams of 40K
will you have in 3.75 x 109 years?
A) 62.5 grams
B) 100 grams
C) 125 grams
D) 250 grams
E) 500 grams
Astronomy 101, Final
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18) Why is part of the core of the Earth thought to be liquid?
A)
B)
C)
D)
S-waves cannot pass through the core
The density of the Earth is larger than the Moon
P-waves cannot pass through the core
The Earth must have incorporated a large abundance of liquid helium when it
formed
E) Volcanoes in the Earth allow water to sink to the core
19) The solar nebula was primarily …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
hydrogen
nitrogen
helium
oxygen
iron
20) Shoemaker-Levy 9 …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
was a spacecraft that studied Jupiter.
was a spacecraft that studied impact craters on Mars.
is a Dwarf Planet.
was a comet.
is a satellite of Saturn.
21) Which gas is considered a greenhouse gas?
A) N2
B) H2
C) He
D) CO2
E) Kr
22) Why was the South Pole-Aitken Basin though to be the best place to look for
water ice on the Moon?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The solar wind only strikes the South Pole-Aitken Basin
The South Pole-Aitken Basin is predominately Lunar Maria
The South Pole-Aitken Basin is predominately Lunar Highlands
Comets only impact the Moon at the South Pole-Aitken Basin
Some craters are extremely cold at the South Pole-Aitken Basin since they
are permanently shaded from the Sun
Astronomy 101, Final
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23) Put these bodies in order from lowest to highest density.
Lowest density  highest density
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Moon, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn
Moon, Jupiter, Saturn, Earth
Saturn, Jupiter, Moon, Earth
Jupiter, Saturn, Earth, Moon
Earth, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter
24) Which of these planets is not considered a Jovian planet?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Neptune
Mars
Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
25) Mars atmosphere is predominately …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
O3
N2
CO2
H2
He
26) Channels on Mars are usually assumed to be due to either due to flowing water in
the past or …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
organisms
lava
glaciers
tidal forces due to Martian moons
lightning
27) Many astronomers believe that Mars was once covered with oceans much like the
Earth, even though it possesses little or no liquid water on its surface now. What
does this imply about Martian history?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The atmosphere of Mars is thicker today than in its distant past
The atmosphere of Mars was thicker in the past than today
The thickness of the Martian atmosphere hasn’t changed over its history
The size of the Martian core must have been much smaller
Mars must have had more moons
A
Astronomy 101, Final
elevation (km)
C
B
A
28) In the above figure, A is on what feature?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Caloris Basin
Gusev Crater
Bonneville Crater
Hellas Basin
Olympus Mons
29) In the above figure, the white arrow next to B points to what feature?
A) Maxwell Montes
B) Olympus Mons
C) Hellas Basin
D) Phoenix Heights
E) Mount St. Helens
30) In the above figure, the black arrow next to C points to what feature?
A) Maxwell Montes
B) Valles Marineris
C) Hellas Basin
D) Grand Canyon
E) Mount St. Helens
Astronomy 101, Final
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31) The geology of Venus appears to be dominated by ……
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
volcanism
plate tectonics
erosion by flowing water
impact cratering
erosion by glaciers
32) Why is the Mercury covered with impact craters and the Earth isn’t?
A) Mercury has a lower gravitation acceleration than the Earth
B) Wind, water, volcanism, and ice on Earth have destroyed most of its impact
craters
C) Mercury is smaller than the Earth
D) Huge impacts on the Earth have covered up most of the impact craters
E) The Earth’s magnetic field stops most objects from hitting the Earth’s surface
33) The Great Red Spot is located on …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Earth
Jupiter
Neptune
Uranus
Pluto
34) The Drake equation estimates the potential number of extraterrestrial civilizations
in …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Our universe
Our galaxy
Our solar system
The Andromeda galaxy
The local cluster of galaxies
35) The atmosphere of Titan is most similar to ..
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Mercury
Io
Astronomy 101, Final
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36) Which of these bodies has the most active volcanoes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Mercury
Io
Ganymede
Phobos
Deimos
37) The rings of Saturn are predominately composed of …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Hematite
Sulfates
Water ice
Olivine
Pyroxene
38) Which is not a Galilean moon?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Triton
Io
Ganymede
Callisto
Europa
39) Besides asteroids, what bodies in our solar system do most scientists think that we
have samples of in our meteorite collections?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Just the Moon
Just Mars
Just Venus
Just the Moon and Mars
Just Mars and Venus
40) The Kuiper Belt extends from …
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The orbit of Mars to the orbit of Jupiter
The orbit of Neptune to approximately 55 AU from the Sun
Approximately 0.6 AU from the Sun to the orbit of Earth
The orbit of Earth to the orbit of Mars
Approximately 50,000 AU from the Sun to approximately 80,000 AU
from the Sun