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Regular lawn mowing selects for short-headed rather than tall-headed
dandelions because
A. Tall flowers spread their seeds farther
B. Tall flowers are cut before they can produce seeds
C. Short flowers can reproduce
D. Short flowers spread their seeds farther
E. Short flowers have less competition when the lawn is mowed often
Cheetahs can run extremely fast because
A. They need to outrun lions
B. Their ancestors who were able to run fast had an advantage and passed
those genes on to their offsprings
C. Over time, they gradually built up speed as they adapted to faster and faster
prey species
D. They are competing with stronger lions and hyenas for their food, so they
need to be fast
E. All of the options above
Tolerance limits are _______ that limit a species' survival.
A. Temperature ranges
B. Any environmental conditions
C. Population sizes
D. Narrow salinity levels
E. Undesirable toxin concentrations
There are usually many tolerance limits responsible for limiting the number and
location of a species. However, some organisms have ____________ that
limit/limits their distribution.
A. a specific critical factor
B. other environmental conditions
C. many factors
D. nothing
A species can withstand a wide range of pH as an adult but the juveniles
can only withstand a narrow range of pH. The abiotic factor, pH, would
best be described as a
A. Stress factor
B. Intolerance factor
C. Tolerance limit
D. Critical factor
E. Physical factor
Which of the following fish species would be the best indicator of clean,
well-oxygenated water?
A. Carp
B. Largemouth bass
C. Catfish
D. Rainbow trout
E. Sunfish
Indicator species, such as lichens, generally have a(n) ___________ tolerance
range for a ____________.
A. Narrow; critical factor
B. Narrow; number of physical factors
C. Average; number of physical factors
D. Broad; number of critical factors
E. Broad; critical factor
Use the following example:
A species can withstand a narrow range of temperature. Above
100 F there are no species present. In the range from 97 F to
100 F and 90 F to 94 F there are a few species present. Below
90 F there are no species present.
What would you label the range of temperature from 90 F to 94 F
for this particular species?
A. Zone of intolerance
B. Zone of physiological stress
C. Tolerance limit range
D. Optimal range
E. Range of tolerance
The most common reason that introduced species negatively impact an
environment is because they
A. Are larger than native species
B. Disrupt preexisting niches
C. Are unusually efficient predators
D. None of these is correct
Which of the following are pioneer species?
A. Wood warblers
B. Dandelions
C. Starlings
D. Lichens
E. Humans
Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while
secondary succession occurs when one ________.
A. Into a climax community; species replaces another
B. And replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable
C. On bare rock; biological community replaces another
D. And then fails; niche changes
E. Intraspecific competition; experiences interspecific competition
A climax community is one that
A. Is relatively stable and long lasting
B. Lasts forever
C. Contains oaks or white spruce
D. Is impervious to disruption
E. Is adapted to periodic disruption
In the coastal forest of Oregon an area was clear-cut for logging. Trees at the edge
of the clearing and 200 meters into the forest died within a few months after the
logging began. What is the best explanation for the death of the trees?
A. The trees at the edge of the forest were more prone to disease
B. Increased sunlight, wind and temperature negatively affected the trees
C. The roots of all of the trees were damaged
D. Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the roots of the trees were killed
A community with hundreds of different types of primary producers, a few
herbivores and only one carnivore, has
A. Little complexity
B. Little diversity
C. A great deal of complexity
D. Low productivity
E. A great deal of productivity
Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of
A. Species in the population
B. Species at each trophic level
C. Genetic variations within a species
D. Primary producers available
E. Primary producers relative to the number of consumers
In a biological community where diversity is great, such as a tropical rainforest,
the abundance of any one species is likely to be
A. Great
B. Small
C. Widely variable from year to year
D. The same from year to year
E. None of these, abundance does not depend on diversity
"Abundance" describes the total number of _________ while "diversity"
describes the number of _________.
A. Species in a community; individual organisms in a community
B. Organisms in a community; species in a community
C. Individuals in a niche; niches available to a given species
D. Species in a bioregion; trophic levels in a community
E. Biomes; habitats available for different species
A viceroy butterfly that closely resembles the bad tasting monarch is an example of
__________, and the example of beetles that look like stinging wasps is an
example of __________.
A. Batesian mimicry; Batesian mimicry
B. Batesian mimicry; Muellerian mimicry
C. Muellerian mimicry; Muellerian mimicry
D. Muellerian mimicry; Batesian mimicry
E. Commensalism; symbiosis
Predation influences evolution when
A. Prey species develop defensive characteristics over
generations
B. An individual predator adapts and becomes more efficient
in catching its prey
C. Predators kill off all of their prey
D. A population of predators develop defensive
characteristics
E. Prey species change their reproductive rate to match
predation in the local ecosystem
Intraspecific competition is competition among ________ for resources.
A. Predators and prey
B. Plants and animals
C. Producers, consumers and detritivores
D. Members of different species
E. Members of a single species