Download Biomass Nippon Strategy

Japan’s Priorities for NRETs
2003-2004
21st Meeting of the
Expert Group on
New and Renewable Energy Technologies
October 13-15, 2003
Shanghai, PRC
Mr. Yoshihiro ITOH
Chief Officer
International Projects Dept.
New Energy and Industrial Technology
Development Organization (NEDO)
Outline
1. Japan’s New and Renewable Energy Targets
2. Policies for Development and Introduction of
NRETs
3. RPS-Background, Outline, Explanation
4. ‘Biomass Nippon Strategy’
5. NEDO’s Role in Japan’s New Energy Scheme
6. Measures to Overcome Grid-Connection
Obstacles
2
1. Japan’s New and Renewable Energy Targets
FY 2010 Target on New Energy
Introduction (Revised)
FY 200１ Results
Energy Sources
Oil Equiv.
Installed Cap.
Oil Equiv.
Installed Cap.
1,000 x kl
MW
1,000 x kl
MW
Photovoltaic
(Solar Power)
110
452
1,180
4,820
Solar Thermal
820
-
4,390
-
Wind Power
127
312
1,340
3,000
1,250
1,110
5,520
4,170
Waste Thermal
45
-
140
-
Biomass Generation
48
71
340
330
-
-
670
-
4,460
-
4,940
-
44
-
580
-
6,900
(about 1.2%)
-
19,100
(about 3%)
-
588 Mkl
-
about 602
Mkl
-
Waste Power
Biomass Thermal
Black Liquor, Waste Wood,
etc.
Unused Energy (Including
Cooling by Snow & Ice)
New Energy Total
(Ratio of total primary energy supply)
Total primary energy supply (in
million kl)
3
2. Policies for Development and Introduction of NRETs
Fiscal year
FY1998
FY1999
FY2000
FY2001
FY2002
FY2003
Budget (in 100 million \)
748
875
925
1,105
1,449
1,568
598
700
740
884
1,159
1,254
※
(in million US$)
※US$1 ＝ \125
Ⅰ．Technological Development
(Budget for FY2003:
about \43.4 billion ≒ US$347 million)
• Fundamental investigation
• Development for practical application
Ⅱ．Demonstrative Testing
(Budget for FY2003:
about \18.8 billion ≒ US$150 million)
• Field test
• Demonstrative research
Ⅲ. Introduction Promotion (full utilization of market mechanism)
(Budget for FY2003: about \94.6 billion ≒ US$757 million)
• Creation of initial demand for inducing market independency
• Creation of environment suitable for introducing leading-edge new energy systems
• Financial support (Tax system, Fiscal investment and Loans)
• The Green Purchase Law
• Enlightenment and public information activities
• New market development mechanism ～RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard) ←Additional Measure
4
3-1. Background on the Introduction of RPS
Background
• Difficulty in achieving the new 2010 target with only current measures.
• To promote power generation by renewable energy, legislation in US,
Europe, etc., had already been introduced/enacted for various systems.
Necessity of studying the introduction of a new system adapted for Japan.
【Considerations】
- Certain effectiveness of new measure
- Wide choice of sources for electric power company
- Incentive for cost reduction
- Maintenance of free competition in the energy market
- Effect of financial burden on government, etc.
Conclusion
Japanese government decided to introduce a new measure making use of
the market mechanism -Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)-.
Establishment of the Law Concerning the Use of
New Energy by Electric Utilities (June 2002)
5
3-2. System Outline--Law Concerning the Use of New
Energy by Electric Utilities
Dec. 2002
Apr. 2003
National Government
Accreditation of facilities for
New Energy power generation
Requiring use of a certain amount
of electricity by New Energy
Electricity Retailer (A)
New Energy Generator
(certificate trading)
Electricity supply
by New Energy
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Small/Medium Hydro (to 1 MW)
Geothermal
Electricity Retailer (B)
Electricity
supply
Consumers
The target for 2010 is 12.2 TWh,
which would comprise 1.35% of national electric supply.
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
TWh 7.32
7.66
8.00
8.34
8.67
9.27 10.33 12.20
FY
2009
2010
6
3-3. Basic Explanation of the RPS System
The national government obliges each electric power
company to use a certain amount of electricity arising from
New Energy, according to its sales of electricity.
An electric power company can select the most advantageous
way among the following to carry out its obligation;
a) generating by oneself
b) purchasing from others
c) causing other electric company to subrogate the obligation
The national government verifies electric power companies’ use
of electricity arising from New Energy each fiscal year.
7
4-1. Biomass Nippon Strategy
Background
1. Prevention of Global Warming
--carbon-neutral energy source; mitigate CO2 emissions--
2. Creation of a ‘Recycling-Oriented Society’
--more effective use of finite resources--
3. Fostering of New and Competitive Strategic Industries
--trailblazing business model to revive industrial
competitiveness--
4. Activation of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery Industries
and the Associated Rural Communities
--effective use of abundant biomass in farm villages--
[http://www.maff.go.jp/biomass/eng/biomass_honbun.htm]
8
4-2. Biomass Nippon Strategy
Biomass Production
Biomass Utilization
Recycling-Oriented Society
(based on regional factors)
Biomass Collection
Biomass Transformation
Specific Targets
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4-3. Biomass Nippon Strategy
GOALS
1) Evolutionary Direction
Today—Waste Biomass
ca. 2010—Unused Biomass
ca. 2020—Energy Crops
ca. 2050—New Crops
2) Developmental Direction
Construction of a Biomass Refinery
Cascaded Utilization of Biomass
Specific goals to be established, e.g. energy conversion
efficiency, cost target of process equipment/systems, clear
target level of biomass utilization….
10
4-4. Biomass Nippon Strategy
Promotion of Biomass Utilization
 Establishment of: Biomass Information Headquarters
(information clearinghouse) and ‘Biomass Nippon
Comprehensive Strategy Promotion Council’
 Study of new legislation
 R&D for designing a social system in which efficient
utilization of biomass is encouraged; demonstrative testing
 Comprehensive package of measures in model
communities under a coordinated program headed by
relevant government offices
 Evaluation of possible merits and demerits to establishing
new competitive conditions for biodiesel fuels
11
4-5. Biomass Nippon Strategy
Production-Collection-Transport
 Formulation of an efficient collection/transportation system
 Exploration of possible means to expand the boundaries of the
recycling qualification of waste biomass which shall meet
certain requirements; e.g. the biomass should not decompose
so easily
 To produce biomass efficiently by utilizing special zones for
structural reform
12
4-6. Biomass Nippon Strategy
Conversion
 Development/promotion of conversion technologies
 Support of the establishment of a ‘model facility’
 Exploration of means to simplify the approval procedure
required for the installation of waste treatment facilities
intended for handling biomass with similar properties
13
4-7. Biomass Nippon Strategy
Post-Conversion Utilization
 Investigation of a procedure to be applied to biomass-derived
plastic materials as specific procurement items covered by the
Green Purchasing Law
 Arrangements so that biomass power generation can be
handled in the same manner as other kinds of new energy under
the New Energy Law
 Promotion of agriculture which is oriented toward environmental
conservation
 Facilitation of power supply by means of distributed power
sources, including biomass power generation
 Quality evaluation of biomass-derived automotive fuels,
assessment of their safety and environmental performance, and
driving tests on those fuels as well as evaluation of the merits
and demerits of their introduction into Japan
14
5. NEDO’s Role in Japan’s New Energy Scheme
NEDO
Local Gov’ts
Visions, FS,
Introduction
Advisory Activities
• Explanatory Meetings
• Dispatch of Experts
• Consultation
Other Related
Organizations
Manufacturers, NEF,
Think Tanks,
Industrial Orgs.
• Workshops
• etc.
Private
Sector
Plans, FS,
Introduction
Projects & Programs
・for Local Gov’ts
・for Private Sector
・for Both Local Gov’ts and Private
Sector (Joint)
R&D
Projects
and
Programs
15
6-1. Measures to Overcome Grid-Connection Obstacles
Demonstrative Research on Combined Power Generation
Systems (PV + Biogas)
Objectives
 Early commercial application of a system that maximizes
the utilization of RE to promote mass introduction
 Establishment of an effective system on the demand side
 Resolution of instable PV power generation
 Demonstration of a combined system in which instable
energy is transferred and utilized to produce stable,
renewable energy, while stable PV energy is directly
supplied to the grid
16
6-2. Measures to Overcome Grid-Connection Obstacles
Demonstrative Research on Combined Power Generation
Systems (PV + Biogas)
Site:
Sihanoukville, Cambodia
Power Generation
PV 50kW; Biogas 60kW
17
6-3. Measures to Overcome Grid-Connection Obstacles
Demonstrative Research on High-Efficiency PV Power
Generation Systems
Medium-Voltage Power Line
Switch
110kV/10kV
System Design
Transformer
～／－
Site:
Beijing City, PRC
Bulk PV
Amorphous PV
Total Power Generation: 180kW
18
6-4. Measures to Overcome Grid-Connection Obstacles
Demonstrative Research on Combined Power Generation
Systems (PV + Wind + Advanced Battery)
ＰＶ
Turbine
Adv. Batt.
System Design
Site:
Gansu Prov., PRC
Mini Grid
PV Power Generation: 100kW
Wind Power Generation: 100kW
19
6-5. Measures to Overcome Grid-Connection Obstacles
Demonstrative Research on Combined Power Generation
Systems (Water-cooled PV + DG + Advanced Battery)
Adv. Batt.
Water-cooled PV
DG
System Design
Mini Grid
Ballast Load
Site:
Xinjiang Prov., PRC
PV Power Generation: 60kW
DG Power Generation: 100kW
20
Thank You!!!