Download Term 2 Revision Guide File

Term 2 Final Exam Study Guide
What is an inherited trait? Give three examples:
-
-
Which would have more species, a family or an order? Why?
What is an acquired trait? Give three examples:
-
-
What type of trait can be affected by evolution?
What three conditions must be present for natural selection to occur?
What is a fossil?
Give two examples of how fossils give evidence of evolution:
What is the definition of a species?
Do most dead animals result in the formation of fossils? Why or why not?
What fossil dating method is best used to compare the ages of fossils in one location?
What has to happen for speciation to occur in a population?
What are two examples of genetic evidence for evolution?
-
-
What are three ways that reproductive isolation could occur within a species?
-
-
Give an example of embryological evidence for evolution:
If a certain allele is harmful to the chances of an organism to survive and reproduce, what usually
happens to that allele in the population?
What is an evolutionary tree? What can it tell you?
What are vestigial structures? Give two examples:
What can vestigial structures tell us about evolutionary history?
What are two things that can affect the traits an organism has?
-
-
Suppose a fossil skull is found. The teeth of the animal are small and flat, with no fangs or other
sharp teeth. The eye sockets are more on the side of the head, not facing completely forward.
What could this information tell you about this animal?
What are genetic variations? Give two examples of how genetic variation is present among
offspring of the same parents:
What does “fit” mean, in evolutionary terms?
What is competition?
Give 4 examples of things organisms might have to compete for:
What are alleles?
If a certain allele is helpful to the chances of an organism to survive and reproduce, what usually
happens to that allele in the population?
What is a behavioral adaptation that helps desert animals survive the heat?
What is inbreeding? Why would someone use inbreeding?
What are three types of artificial selection?
-
-
Why would someone use hybridization as an artificial selection strategy?
Why would someone use cloning as an artificial selection strategy?
What types of organisms can be cloned easily? What organisms are difficult to clone?
What is a difference between cloning and inbreeding?
What domain includes all the plants and animals?
What is genetic engineering? Give a specific example:
What is a halophile? Where are two places might you find halophiles?
What are two structural adaptations that help desert plants survive the heat?
What fossil dating method is best for determining the actual age of a fossil?
Give an example of mimicry:
What is a behavioral adaptation that helps plants survive harsh winters?
What are three behavioral adaptations that help animals survive harsh winters?
How is global biodiversity defined? (2 parts)
What are 4 human factors that are decreasing global biodiversity?
-
-
-
-
How does the decrease in biodiversity affect ecosystem stability?
Describe how the rates of extinction and speciation relate to biodiversity:
What is an invasive species?
How can an invasive species cause problems for native species?
What is a thermophile? Where are two places might you find thermophiles?
What does a flagellum do for a bacterial cell?
What is a disadvantage to inbreeding?
What is taxonomy?
What domain includes most of the thermophiles and halophiles?
What the two taxa are used in binomial nomenclature?
What are the fundamental differences between organisms in the domain Bacteria and the domain
Eukarya?
Describe the structure of bacteria, with at least 4 characteristics:
-
-
-
-
Why are viruses considered nonliving?
What is one thing about viruses that is similar to all living things?
What domain includes viruses?
What are the three major groups within Kingdom Protista? Why are they named that way?
What is a methanogen? Where might you find one? What domain are methanogens a part of?
List the 8 taxa from largest to smallest:
True or false: All protists are unicellular. If false, change one word to make it true (do this 3
times)
What is the scientific name for humans? Write it correctly.
How are fungi cells different than plant cells?
What are hyphae? What do they do for fungi?
The appendix is a vestigial structure in humans. Other animals, such as horses, also have an
appendix, but it is not vestigial. Explain this:
Are vestigial structures found in the adult animal, or only the developing embryo?
Where is most of Earth’s biodiversity found?
What are 4 ways human activities are harming biodiversity in rain forests?
-
-
-
-
Why are plants called producers?
What are two other types of organisms (other than plants) that are producers?
What are the conditions where most plants grow best?
What are the conditions where fungi grow best?
What are three structural adaptations common in desert plants?
What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?
-
-
What is a dichotomous key and what is it used for?
Why do species always have to continue to adapt, even though they are fit for the environment?
Describe at least 3 steps in the genetic engineering of insulin:
In general, why are larger animals more at risk from climate change than smaller organisms?
Give two examples of how environmental conditions can result in variation within a population:
-
-
Is the variation you described in the previous question heritable to the next generation? Why or
why not?
What is a mutation?
Give examples of how mutations could be harmful, helpful, or neither:
Are all mutations passed on to offspring?
Which group of fungi are unicellular?
What are the 4 Kingdoms in Domain Eukarya?
-
-
-
-
What did Aristotle use to classify organisms?
What is albinism?
**Review the Questions on the previous Exams that included graphs or figures**