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Plant life Knowledge and understanding:1. Vegetative propagation: Reproduction of plants from their body parts other than seeds is called vegetative propagation. 2. Germination: The process of changing a seed into seedlings. 3. Dispersal of seeds: The process of scattering or spreading of seeds to different places is called dispersal of seeds. Fill in the blanks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Seeds are dispersed by wind have wings on them. You can see a very small baby plant between the seed leaves. Fungicides are used to kill microbes. Paddy grows well in a wet and clayey soil Carrot is a vegetable. Name of an oil producing crop peanut . The agent of dispersal for cotton seed is wind. Seeds of this plant are dispersed by the method of explosion balsam. Some plants grow with the help of tiny structures called spores. Coconut floats in water and is carried away to far off places. Complete the table: reproduction in plants New plants from seeds mango pea cotton New plants from stem Rose Sugar cane Money plant New plants from roots Carrot radish turnip New plants from spores mushrooms ferns New plants from leaves bryophyllum begonia Seed dispersal Dispersal by wind Dispersal by water Dispersal by explosion Dispersal by animals cotton madar hiptage lotus coconut Water lily Pea seed balsam caster xanthium Spear grass Answer the following 1. In what ways are plants useful to us? Ans. Plants provide us food, oxygen , building materials, fibers for clothing, medicines and many other things. Plants also help in maintaining balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the environment. Roots of trees bind the soil, thus preventing soil erosion. 2. Explain the parts of a seed. Ans. A seed contains the embryo or baby plant that grows into a plant. It is covered by a seed coat for protection. Seed also contains seed leaves or cotyledons which provide food for the baby plant. 3. Why are not all the seeds produced by a plant able to grow into new plant? Ans. All the seeds produced by a plant are not able to grow into new plants as many seeds are destroyed by insects ,animals and bad weather conditions. 4. What will happen if all the seeds produced by a plant were to fall down below it and start growing? Ans. All seeds do not grow into new plants. Some seeds do not find suitable conditions of air, water, and warmth and so fail to give rise to new plants. 5. Define seed dispersal. Why is it essential? Ans. The process of scattering or spreading of seeds to different places is called dispersal of seeds. If all seeds fall under the parent plant, they would grow in very crowded conditions. They would have to fight against each other for space, water, minerals, and light. Only stronger ones would live. 6. Explain the stages in germination. Ans. The seed absorb water and the cells of the embryo start dividing. This results in the growth of the baby plant inside the seed. As the baby plant grows radical and plumule emerges from the seed breaking the seed coat .The radical forms the root and the plumule forms the shoot with stems and leaves. 7. Distinguish between rabi and kharif crops. Ans. Crops like rice, maize, cotton, etc. are grown in summer and harvested at the end of the monsoons are called kharif crops. Crops like wheat ,grain, mustard, that are grown in winters and harvested in summer season are called rabi crops. 8. Why do farmers add manure or fertilizers to the soil in which crops are grown? Ans. Farmers add manure and fertilizers to make the soil fertile. Manure is made from dried leaves and cow dung. Chemical fertilizers are made in factories. Super phosphate and ammonium sulphate are examples of fertilizers.