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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T6295A12600197 Dasyurus hallucatus, Northern Quoll Assessment by: Oakwood, M., Woinarski, J. & Burnett, S. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Oakwood, M., Woinarski, J. & Burnett, S. 2008. Dasyurus hallucatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T6295A12600197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6295A12600197.en Copyright: © 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Mammalia Dasyuromorphia Dasyuridae Taxon Name: Dasyurus hallucatus Gould, 1842 Synonym(s): • Satanellus hallucatus Common Name(s): • English: • French: Northern Quoll Chat Marsupial Du Nord Assessment Information Red List Category & Criteria: Endangered A2ce+3ce+4ce ver 3.1 Year Published: 2008 Date Assessed: June 30, 2008 Justification: Listed as Endangered because of a serious population decline, estimated to exceed 50% over the last 10 years, and one that is projected to continue at a similar rate over the next 10 years based on the effects of habitat destruction and/or degradation, cane toads, and introduced predators. Previously Published Red List Assessments 1996 – Lower Risk/near threatened (LR/nt) Geographic Range Range Description: The Northern Quoll occurs in the northern parts of Australia. Historically, it occurred in northern Australia from Pilbara to south-east Queensland, extending inland as far south as Alexandria. More recently, there has been substantial decline in southern and eastern Queensland and the Cape York Peninsula. The Northern Quoll has apparently disappeared from most or all of the lower rainfall former range in the Northern Territory and south-east and south-west Kimberley. A substantial decline has also occurred in Pilbara (Maxwell et al. 1996). The species has been recorded from Groote Eylandt and the nearby North-east Island, Marchinbar Island (in the Wessel group), Inglis Island (in the English Company Islands group) and Vanderlin Island (Sir Edward Pellew group). It has also been recently translocated to Astell and Pobassoo Islands in the English Company island group (Woinarski 2005). This species occurs up to around 1,300 m asl. Country Occurrence: Native: Australia © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyurus hallucatus – published in 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6295A12600197.en 1 Distribution Map © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyurus hallucatus – published in 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6295A12600197.en 2 Population The species is locally common, although it currently is undergoing declines across much of its range. Densities of 3-4 females per square kilometre in savanna woodland have been recorded (Oakwood 2002). Several studies suggest that there has been a recent, severe population declines in Kakadu National Park due to cane toads (Watson and Woinarski 2003; Oakwood 2004). This species is common in north-western Kimberley, particularly in near-coastal, high-rainfall areas (A. Burbidge pers. comm.). Current Population Trend: Decreasing Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) The Northern Quoll occurs in a range of habitats including Eucalyptus open forest, monsoon rainforest, and savanna woodlands. The species is most abundant (and apparently with less fluctuations) in rocky environments. In north Queensland, it is most common in coastal and/or high altitude rocky areas and in drier habitats of upland tablelands (Maxwell et al. 1996). This species is a generalist, as it occurs in a wide range of habitats and its diet consists of a variety of invertebrates and small vertebrates (Woinarski 2005). The Northern Quoll shelters in hollow logs, rock crevices, caves, and tree hollows (Woinarski 2005). It is mostly a ground-dwelling species, but is also an adept climber (Woinarski 2005). Systems: Terrestrial Threats (see Appendix for additional information) Current threats are uncertain, but the species may be vulnerable to disease, possibly related to the presence of cats. Cats and dogs are known to kill individuals, although they apparently do not like to eat them. Predation is the main cause of mortality in some areas (exacerbated by changes in fire regimes that result in more frequent burning), particularly woodland and forest habitats (Maxwell et al. 1996). There have been recent substantial population declines in the Iron Range (Queensland), Cape York Peninsula, and the top end of the Northern Territory associated with the spread of cane toads and landuse changes. For instance, major declines to regional extinction have been reported for Northern Quolls following cane toad invasion on Cape York Peninsula (Burnett 1997). Northern Quolls appear to be particularly susceptible to the poison of cane toads, and are killed when they attempt to kill or consume the toads (Woinarski 2005). The species has also disappeared from coastal lowland areas in north Queensland following agricultural and urban development (Maxwell et al. 1996). Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) The Northern Quoll occurs in a number of protected areas. Recommended actions for this species (Maxwell et al. 1996) include: monitor abundance and disease status at selected sites across range; undertake additional research into causes of decline. In the Northern Territory, it has been recorded from 15 conservation reserves (Kakadu, Litchfield, Garig Gunak Barlu, Mary River, Manton Dam, Nitmiluk, Umbrawara Gorge, Fogg Dam, Charles Darwin, Black Jungle, Tjuwaliyn (Doglas Hot Springs), Berry Springs, Limmen, Leaning Tree Lagoon, and Howard Springs) (Woinarski 2005). Credits Assessor(s): Oakwood, M., Woinarski, J. & Burnett, S. © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyurus hallucatus – published in 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6295A12600197.en 3 Reviewer(s): Lamoreux, J. & Hilton-Taylor, C. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyurus hallucatus – published in 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6295A12600197.en 4 Bibliography Braithwaite, R. W. and Griffiths, A. D. 1994. Demographic variation and range contraction in the Northern Quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus (Marsupalia: Dasyuridae). Wildlife Research 21: 203-217. Burnett, S. 1997. Colonising cane toads cause population declines in native predators: reliable anecdotal information and management implications. Pacific Conservation Biology 3: 65-72. IUCN. 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 5 October 2008). Maxwell, S., Burbidge, A. A. and Morris, K. 1996. The 1996 Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes. Australasian Marsupial and Monotreme Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland. Oakwood, M. 2000. Reproduction and demography of the northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus, in the lowland savanna of northern Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 48: 519-539. Oakwood, M. 2002. Spatial and social oganization of a carnivorous marsupial Dasyurus hallucatus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae). Journal of Zoology (London) 257: 237-248. Oakwood, M. 2004. The effect of cane toads on a marsupial carnivore, the northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus. Report to Parks Australia. Envirotek, Nana Glen. Watson, M. and Woinarski, J. 2003. Vertebrate monitoring and re-sampling in Kakadu National Park, 2002. Report to Parks Australia. Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre, Darwin, Australia. Watt, A. 1993. Conservation status and draft management plan for Dasyurus maculatus and D. hallucatus in southern Queensland. Report to Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage and Department of Environment, Sport and Territories. Woinarski, J. 2005. Northern Quoll: Dasyurus hallucatus. Threatened Species of the Northern Territory. Citation Oakwood, M., Woinarski, J. & Burnett, S. 2008. Dasyurus hallucatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T6295A12600197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6295A12600197.en Disclaimer To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use. External Resources For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website. © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyurus hallucatus – published in 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6295A12600197.en 5 Appendix Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Habitat Season Suitability Major Importance? 1. Forest -> 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry - Suitable - 3. Shrubland -> 3.4. Shrubland - Temperate - Suitable - Threats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score 1. Residential & commercial development -> 1.1. Housing & urban areas Ongoing - - - Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation Ongoing - Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation Ongoing - Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation Ongoing - Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation Ongoing - Stresses: 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality Ongoing - Stresses: 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality Ongoing - Stresses: 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.4. Scale Unknown/Unrecorded 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming & ranching -> 2.3.4. Scale Unknown/Unrecorded 7. Natural system modifications -> 7.1. Fire & fire suppression -> 7.1.3. Trend Unknown/Unrecorded 8. Invasive & other problematic species & genes -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alien species -> 8.1.2. Named species (Canis familiaris) 8. Invasive & other problematic species & genes -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alien species -> 8.1.2. Named species (Felis catus) 8. Invasive & other problematic species & genes -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alien species -> 8.1.2. Named species (Rhinella marina) - - - - - - - - - - - - Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyurus hallucatus – published in 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6295A12600197.en 6 Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management Occur in at least one PA: Yes Conservation Actions Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Conservation Actions Needed 2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management Research Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Research Needed 1. Research -> 1.5. Threats 2. Conservation Planning -> 2.1. Species Action/Recovery Plan 3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends Additional Data Fields Distribution Lower elevation limit (m): 0 Upper elevation limit (m): 1300 Population Population severely fragmented: No © The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dasyurus hallucatus – published in 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6295A12600197.en 7 The IUCN Red List Partnership The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™