Download plant parts - Petal School District

Unit 5: Plant Science
• Diagram the parts of plants.
• Explain the functions of various
parts of plants.
• Explain physiology
• Explain types of plant
reproduction
Basic Parts of the Plant
• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
• Flower (some plants)
Roots
• 1. Anchor Plant
• 2. Absorb water, minerals, and
nutrients
• 3. Translocate water and
minerals to stem
• 4. Store Food
Stems
• 1. Translocate water, minerals
and nutrients to the leaves
• 2. Support the leaves and
display them to light
• 3. Store Food
Leaves
• 1. Make food through
photosynthesis
• 2. Provide site of gas exchange
• 3. Store food
Flowers
• 1. Contain organs for
specialized sexual production
• 2. Produce seeds and fruit
Different type of Roots
• A. Tap Root
–Continuation of the primary root
–Ideal for anchorage
–Penetration is greater for deep
water
–Storage area for food made by
photosynthesis
Different type of Roots
• B. Fibrous Roots
– Many finely branched secondary
roots
– Shallow roots cover a large area
• More effective absorption of water
and minerals
• Roots hold the soil to prevent
erosion
Different type of Roots
• C. Aerial roots
– Clinging air roots
• Short roots that grow horizontally
from the stems
• Roots that fasten the plant to a
support
– Absorptive air roots
Different type of Roots
• Adventitious Roots
–Develop in places other than
nodes
–Can form on cuttings and
rhizomes
Roots
• Root hairs:
– Tiny one celled hair like extensions
of the epidermal cells located near
the tips of the roots where vascular
tissues have formed.
– Increase surface area
– Absorb water and minerals from soil
Specialized Stems
• A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus,
banana)
– underground
–Solid, fleshy, scale covered
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Specialized Stems
• B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions)
–Layers of fleshy scales that
overlap each other
–Underground stem
Specialized Stems
• C. Tuber (potato, caladium)
–Food storage area
–Short, thick underground stem
Specialized Stems
• D. Crown (African Violets, fern)
–Closely grouped stems or
plantlets
–Just above ground or just below
Specialized Stems
• E. Spurs (pear and apple trees)
–Short stems found on woody
plant limbs adapted for increased
production of fruits
Specialized Stems
• F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the
valley)
–Underground stems that produce
roots on the lower surface and
extend leaves and flower shoots
above the ground
Specialized Stems
• G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane
plant)
–Stem that grows horizontally
above the soil surface
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis
–Cuticle
• Waxy substance covers the
leaves and stems
• Waterproof layer that keeps
water in plants
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis (cont)
–Stomata
• Openings in the epidermis
mainly located on underside of
leaves
• Exchange of gases
• Transpiration
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis (cont)
–Guard Cells
• Two cells located on each side
of stomata
• Open and closes stomata
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Mesophyll layer
– Palisade mesophyll
• Primary site of photosynthesis
– Spongy mesophyll
• Contains air and chloroplasts
• Site of photosynthesis and gas
exchange
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Veins or vascular bundles
– In spongy mesophyll
– Phloem tissues conducts food from
photosynthesis to rest of plant
– Xylem tissues conduct water and
minerals up to cells in leaves and
stems
Parts of the Flower
• Sepals
–Outer covering of the flower bud
–Protects the stamens and pistils
when flower is in bud stage
Parts of the Flower
• Petals
–Brightly colored
–Protects stamen and pistills
–Attracts pollinating insects
Parts of the Flower
• Stamens
–Male Reproductive part
–Anther-produces pollen
–Filament-supports the anther
Parts of the Flower
• Pistil
– Female reproductive part
– Ovary
• Enlarged portion at base of pistill
• Produces ovules which develop
into seeds
– Stigma
• Holds the pollen grains
Parts of the Flower
• Style
–Connects the stigma with ovary
–Supports the stigma so that it can
be pollinated
Complete and Incomplete
Flowers
• Complete: have all four main
parts
• Incomplete: missing one of the
main parts
–Sepal
–Petal
–Stamens
–Pistil
Parts of a Flower
Nomenclature and Taxonomy
• Common name – popular, familiar, or
local plant name
• Most plants have more than one common
name; some have several. Common
names are confusing. The same plant
may be known by different names in
different parts of the Country
EX: The redbud is also know as the judas
tree.
In addition, two different plants may
have the same common name.
EX: In New York, the cowslip is a
buttercup like plant that grows in
marshes. In New England, the
cowslip is a primrose like plant that
comes from dry, grassy slopes.
• Binomial name – the scientific plant name,
which consists of two Latin names.
EXAMPLES:
Pinus echinata – shortleaf pine
Quercus alba – white oak
• The first name is the generic name or group
name. All plants have the same generic name
belong to the same genus.
EXAMPLES:
Pinus is Latin for Pine
Quercus is Latin for Oak
• Related genera are grouped together into
families.
• The second name is the specific name.
All plants having the same specific name
belong to the same species.
EXAMPLES:
Ulmus americana – American elm
Juniperus virginiana – Eastern juniper
Pinus taeda – Loblolly pine
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
• Plants are divided into two
classes, gymnosperms and
angiosperms. These terms are
from Greek words. Sperm
means seed. Gymno means
naked, bare, or uncovered; and
angio comes from a word
meaning vessel or container.
Gymnosperms – plant bearing naked
seeds.
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Generally evergreen
Called conifers or softwoods
Wood has no pores, but resin ducts
Leaves are needlelike, scalelike, or awllike
• Fruit is a woody or fleshy cone
• Characteristic shape: Excurrent,
meaning a dominant main stem with
lateral branching.
Angiosperms – plant bearing closed
seeds.
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Generally deciduous
Called broadleaf or hardwood trees
Wood has pores, but no resin ducts
Leaves are broadened; expanded blades
Fruit is dry or fleshy and encloses the
seed
• Characteristic shape: Dendritic,
meaning branching and rebranching of
the main stem.