Download Matter unit-structure

Structure of Matter
MATTER
WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
Chemistry is the study of the nature of
matter, its compositions, and the
changes it undergoes. Chemists are
scientists who study the nature of
matter.
WHAT IS MATTER?
MATTER is…
MATTER is NOT…
anything that has
any form of energy,
mass and takes up
emotions,
space.
thoughts, ideas or
anything that does
not have mass or
take up space
WHAT ARE ELEMENTS?
There are 120
known
elements in the
world that
combine to
make up all
living and
nonliving
things.
WHAT ARE ELEMENTS?
There are 120
known
elements in the
world that
combine to
make up all
living and
nonliving
things.
WHAT ARE ELEMENTS?
Elements are pure
substances that
cannot be broken
down into any other
substances by
chemical or physical
means.
There are 120 known
elements in the world
that combine to make
up all living and
nonliving things.
WHAT ARE ELEMENTS?
All elements are found in the periodic
table. The smallest particles of elements
are atoms. All atoms of the same element
have the same properties.
WHAT ARE ELEMENTS?
What do you see?
WHAT IS AN ATOM?
An atom is the smallest particles of an
element that has all the properties of that
element. They are too small to be seen with
a microscope. The word atom is derived
from the Greek word that means, “cannot
be divided.”
WHAT IS AN ATOM?
Atoms were discovered
by a Greek philosopher
named Democritus over
2000 years ago
(between 460-370BC.)
Democritus believed
that the universe was
full of empty space and
tiny particles that
cannot be broken in to
smaller particles.
Ancient scientists
dismissed Democritus’
theory.
BUT…John Dalton, a British
scientist in the late
1800s, stated that all
the atoms of a particular
element are identical,
but different from atoms
of all other elements.
IS AN ATOM REALLY THE SMALLEST PARTICLE
OF MATTER?
Atoms, were once thought
to be “the building block
of matter.”
In 1911 Scientist, Ernest
Rutherford provided
evidence that atoms are
really made of a positively
charged nucleus orbited
by a negatively charged
electron.
IS AN ATOM REALLY THE SMALLEST PARTICLE
OF MATTER?
He believed the positive
charge in the nucleus to
be caused by a particle
called a proton.
By 1932, Rutherford’s
student discovered that
the nucleus also
contained a neutral
particle called a neutron.
WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF AN ATOM?
HOW ARE ATOMS IDENTIFIED?
All atoms are made of protons, neutrons and
electrons, so with over 100 different elements
they must be identified by their atomic number.
The atomic number is the number of protons in
the atom’s nucleus.
Hydrogen has 1 proton in its nucleus so its
atomic number is 1.
Gold has 79 protons in its nucleus so its atomic
number is 79.
Atomic mass number is the total number of
protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
HOW ARE ATOMS IDENTIFIED?
http://www.ptable.com
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
The Law of Conservation of Matter
states that matter cannot be
created nor destroyed, it changes
form. Matter can be found in 5
different phases. The most 3
commonly know phases (also known
as STATES) of matter are Solid,
Liquid & Gas.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
Do you really think all of these pictures contain
the same compound and show the different
phases of water (H20)?
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
SOLIDS
Solids are usually hard, because their
molecules have been packed together.
Solids hold their shape . The atoms inside of
a solid are not allowed to move around too
much. The molecules in a solid are stuck in
a specific structure or arrangement of
atoms. The atoms still spin and the
electrons will fly around, but the entire atom
will not change position. Solids can be pure
elements, compounds or mixtures.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
Solids hold their
shape . The atoms
inside of a solid are
not allowed to move
around too much.
The atoms still spin
and the electrons
will fly around, but
the entire atom will
not change position.
Solid element-Gold
Solid Compound- Salt
(NaCL)
Solid Mixture- Concrete
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
LIQUIDS
Liquids flow because their
molecules are not as tightly
packed together as in solids. The
atoms inside of a liquid are
moving around more than in a
solid but less than in a gas.
Liquids can fill up a container, but
are difficult to compress. Liquids
can be pure elements,
compounds or mixtures.
Blood and
Water are
examples
of liquids.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
Gases
Gases are really spread out and
the atoms and molecules are
full of energy. They are bouncing
around constantly. Gases can fill
a container of any size or shape.
It doesn't even matter how big
the container is. The molecules
still spread out to fill the whole
space equally.
Gas is everywhere
and can easily be
found in the Earth’s
atmosphere. Oxygen
and Carbon dioxide
are gases.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
Look at the difference in the atoms in the
different phases of matter.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
The 4th state of matter is Plasma, which
you don’t usually find naturally occurring
on Earth. Plasmas are similar to gases,
but the atoms are different because
they are made of free electrons found in
elements like Neon (Ne).Plasma can be
found glowing in fluorescent light bulbs,
neon lights and in stars.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
Look at the difference in the atoms in the
different phases of matter.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
WAIT…There’s one more! The 5th state of
matter is Bose-Einstein condensates. This
state was predicted in the 1920’s by
Satyendra Bose and Albert Einstein. Evidence
wasn’t found to support their theory until
1995 by Cornell and Weiman. The BECs are
created with only a few elements at extremely
low temperatures. The temperatures are so
low the atoms clump into a “super atom” or
blob which is the BEC.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
A "phase" describes a physical state of
matter. Matter can move from one phase
to another by physical means and the
same substance. This is called a phase
change. If heat energy is added (increased
temperature) or if heat energy is taken
away (decreased temperature), the phase
change (physical change) occurs.
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF MATTER?
Look at the difference in the atoms in the
different phases of water H20.