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CVMEA Modeled Students’ Booklet CIRCUITS The Eagle Academy Teacher: Rashidul Bari 7/24/2015 Student Name: ……………………………………………………………………….. You guys will receive the instructions for how to use this booklet in the beginning of the class. Pay attention, and take notes & you’ll do fine. NOTE: I will apply my quad-modeling scheme (Which I developed at NYU): conceptual, Visual, mathematical, and algorithmic to help student mastering the concept: electric charge CONCEPTUAL 1. What is an electric charge? a. The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force. b. The Chemical property of matter that causes it to experience a force. c. The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a gravity Visual Lets say there are four charges (q1, q2, q3, q4) on my table here. Charge q1 attracts q2 but q2 repels q3, and q3 repels q4 and q4 is positively charge. What is the sign of charge q1? Mathematical Two small charges are 3 meters apart and each has a charge 100 coulomb. Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by one charge on the other. Electric Force CONCEPTUAL What is Electric Force (EF)? a. EF acting on a gravity as a result of the presence of electricity b. EF acting on a charge (q1) as a result of the presence of q2 c. EF is acting on a water Visual Mathematical When a charge of .040 coulomb is placed at a point in electric field, the force on the charge is 100 Newton. What is the magnitude of the electric field? 1 Electric Field CONCEPTUAL What is Electric Field (EF)? a. A region around a charged particle within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles. (F =qE) b. A region around an atom c. A region around an atom Visual Mathematical When a charge or 0.040 coulomb Is placed a point in the electric field, the force on the charge id 100 Newton. What is the magnitude of the electric field at that point? Voltage 3. What is Voltage? a. A voltage represent as source of energy a. A voltage represent as source of gravity a. A voltage represent as source of force Visual Mathematical The work required to move a charge of 0.04 Coulomb from one point to another in an electric field is 200 joules. Current 4. a. b. c. What is Current? Gravity is a flow of electric charge Force is a flow of electric charge Current is a flow of electric charge Visual Mathematical Calculate the current in a conductor if 130 Coulumbs of charge is transferred in 20 seconds. electric circuit 5. What is electric circuit? a. A path in which proton from a voltage source flow. b. A path in which electrons from a voltage source flow. 2 c. A path in which electrons from a voltage source flow. Visual Mathematical A resistor has a resistance of 10 ohms and current in it of .50 ampere. What is the potential difference across the resistor? series circuit 6. d. e. f. What is series circuit? Current is equal everywhere. Voltage is equal everywhere. Resistance is equal everywhere. Visual Mathematical In a series circuit containing three resistors having resistances of 5,10, and 15 ohms, respectively, we know that the current in the 15 ohm resistor is .5 ampere. This tells us that the current is also .5 ampere in the 5 ohm and 10 ohm resistors as well as in the generator connected to the circuit. Experiment Mini lesson (Part 2) You guys will work in a group to complete these lemon batteries activities: Materials: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Copper wire Penny and Nail Voltmeter 1.5 volt LED bulb Lemons Plastic knife Student Activity 3 Student will follow following 10 steps to make a lemon battery (Follow the steps very carefully): a. Shake and roll the lemon on a table to "activate" the electrolyte in the lemon. b. Use the plastic knife to cut two small slices in the lemon about 1/2 inch apart (see the pictures at the end of this booklet). c. Rub the zinc (Nail) and copper (Penny) firmly with the steel wool. d. Insert the Nail and Penny into the slits on the lemon, being careful that the strips not touch each other. e. Now measure the voltage using Voltmeter. How much voltage does each lemon produce? (Hint: each lemon produces about .50 voltages. ) f. Do the math. (Hint: how many lemons do you need to use to illuminate a 1.5 voltage LED bulb?) g. Now use a copper wire instead of penny (wrap copper wire around your finger) h. Make a circuit using Alligator clip i. Connect LED bulb Results Table(Collect the data): Number of Lemons Voltage Measured Led Lit (Yes or No)? Graph it using the data from above table: 4 READ THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION CAREFULLY TO ANSWER THE QUESTION BELOW: All batteries have a "POSITIVE" and "NEGATIVE" terminal (See figure below). We call them ELECTRODES. One of the electrodes (NAIL) will tend to lose electrons and the other electrode (Copper) will tend to gain electrons. The NAIL that loses electrons is called the anode. The COPPER that gains electrons call cathode. The copper wires act as conductors, allowing electrons to flow through them. Electric current is a flow or pushing of electrons through a circuit from cathode, through a conductor, towards the anode. Volts (voltage) is a measure of the force moving the electrons. The zinc (Nail) gives up electrons more easily than the copper (Penny). Why? Because the zinc is significantly more reactive with an ELECTOLYTE (ACID of LEMON) than the copper. This creates a large potential energy difference (voltage) between the two electrodes. 1. Lemon battery is similar to the first electrical battery invented in 1800 by Volta 2. The Zinc (Nail) and Copper (Penny) are called electrodes and the juice inside the lemon is called the electrolyte. 3. Electric circuit allows chemical reaction because the zinc (nail) inside the lemon dissolves into the solution. 4. This Chemical reaction (between electrode and electrolyte) is called reduction. 5. A Current created as ELECTRON are pushed from one (nail) electrode to other (COPPER). 5 6. The Nail loses negatively electrons when it is dissolved in an acid. Thus, the zinc electrode becomes more positively charged. 7. The copper (penny) gains negatively charged electrons that are pushed through the wire from the zinc. The copper electrode becomes more negatively charged. The negatively charged electrons begin to repel one another, which stops the flow of the electrons. The zinc (Nail) gives up electrons more easily than the copper (Penny). The zinc is significantly more reactive with an acid than the copper. This creates a large potential energy difference (voltage) between the two electrodes. 6 7 minutes ASSESSMENT Name: 1. In a series circuit containing three resistors having resistances of 5,10, and 15 ohms, respectively, we know that the current in the 15 ohm resistor is .5 ampere. This tells us that the current is also .5 ampere in the 5 ohm and 10 ohm resistors as well as in the generator connected to the circuit. 2. Explain the chemical reaction (What should be on the left & right box and what is transferring from left to right box? 7 8 A Picture Guide to Make Electrical Battery using Lemon (For students with disabilities) 1. Nail (Zinc) & Penny (Copper) 2. LED Bulb 3. Electrolyte (Lemon) 4. Cathode (Nail) & Anode (Penny) 5. Circuit 9 6. LED Lights-up! 10