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Download Honors Chemistry: Ch. 12 – Stoichiometry Some useful terms
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Honors Chemistry: Ch. 12 – Stoichiometry I. Some useful terms….. Stoichiometry – calculations based on balanced equations Mole Ratio – conversion factor derived from coefficients of a balanced chemical equation used to convert between moles of reactants to moles of products. Ex: II. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) 1 mole N2 3 mole H2 CALCULATIONS: 1.) Mole to Mole Ex: Using the above chemical reaction, if I had 3 moles of nitrogen how many moles of ammonia would I have? a.) 3 mol N2 x mol NH3 mol N2 b.) 3 mol N2 x 2 mol NH3 1 mol N2 = 6 mol NH3 ** Use coefficients!! 2.) Mass to Mass Ex: Based on the same reaction, calculate the number of grams of NH3 produced by 5.40g of Hydrogen. a.) 5.40 g H2 x b.) 2.70 mol H2 c.) 1.80 mol NH3 1 mol H2 2.0 g H2 x 2 mol NH3 3 mol H2 x = 2.70 mol H2 = 1.80 mol NH3 17.0 g NH3 1 mol NH3 = 31.0 g NH3 **Steps: grams (reactants) mol (reactants) mol (products) grams (product) 3.) Volume to Volume Ex: 2 NO (g) + O2(g) 2NO2 (g) If I start with 34.0 liters of oxygen, how many liters of NO2 are there? a.) 34.0 L O2 x 1 mol O2 = 1.52 mol O2 22.4 L b.) 1.52 mol O2 x 2 mol NO2 = 3.04 mol NO2 1 mol O2 c.) 3.04 mol NO2 x 22.4 L = 1 mol NO2 68.0L NO2 **Steps: liter (reactants) mol (reactants) mol (products) liter (product) 12.2 Practice Problems 1.) How many moles of chlorine gas will be required to react with sufficient iron to produce 14 moles of iron (III) chloride? 2Fe (s) + 3 Cl2(g) 2 FeCl3 (g) 2.) How many liters of carbon monoxide (at STP) are needed to react with 4.8g of oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide? 2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) 3.) What mass of ammonia is necessary to react with 2.1 x 1024 molecules of oxygen in the following reaction? 4NH3 (g) + 7O2 (g) 6 H2O(g) + 4 NO2 (g) Homework: Please complete on a separate sheet of paper to show all work. 1.) Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen chloride produced from 10 moles of hydrogen. H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g) 2.) Calculate the number of grams of nitrogen dioxide that are produced from 4 moles of nitric oxide. 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) 3.) Calculate the mass of oxygen produced from the decomposition of 75.0 g of potassium chlorate. 2KClO3(s) 2 KCl(s) + 3O2(g) 4.) Calculate the mass of silver needed to react with chlorine to produce 84 g of silver chloride (Hint: Write a balanced equation first). 5.) Calculate the number of liters of oxygen gas needed to produce 15.0 liters of dinitrogen trioxide. Assume all gases are at STP. 2N2(g) + 3O2(g) 2N2O3(g) 6.) A volume of 7.5 L of hydrogen gas was produced from the single-replacements reaction of zinc with nitric acid. Calculate the mass of zinc needed for this reaction.