Download Name # ______ Honors Chemistry Carpenito/Dinota Reading Guide

Name _______________________________ # ________
Honors Chemistry
Carpenito/Dinota
Reading Guide: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6
Section 6.1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding
Define the terms:
chemical bond:
ionic bonding:
covalent bonding:
non-polar covalent bond:
polar covalent bonding:
How are ionic bonds and covalent bonds different?
How does a polar covalent bond differ from a nonpolar covalent bond?
What does the difference between the electronegativities of two elements in a bond tell us?
What does “polar” refer to in chemical bonding?
Predict the type of of bond that will form between the following pair of atoms:
a. H and S
b. C and H
c. Na and S
For each of the following pairs of bonds, choose the bond that will be more polar:
a. H – P or H –C
b. O – F or O – I
c. N – O or S – O
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For each of the following binary molecules, draw an arrow under the molecule showing its dipole moment (toward the
more electronegative element). If it has none, write “none.”
a. H – Cl
b. H – H
c. H – I
d. Br – Br
e. C – O
Section 6.2: Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds
Define the terms:
molecular compound:
bond energy:
structural formula:
resonance:
In terms of potential energy, explain WHY covalent bonds form.
Look closely at Figure 2.5 on page 172. What general relationship exists between bond length and bond energy?
Explain what is meant by the “octet rule”.
As applied to covalent bonding, what is meant by a “lone pair” of electrons?
How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond? double? triple?
Look at Figure 2.10 on page 177. What relationship exists between the number of bonds and bond length? the number of
bonds and bond energy?
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Section 6.3: Ionic Bonding and Ionic Compounds
Define the terms:
formula unit:
lattice energy:
polyatomic ion:
Explain, in terms of ionic bonding, why the formula for sodium chloride is NaCl, while the formula for calcium fluoride is
CaF2.
What determines the melting point, boiling points and hardness of a compound?
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points/
Explain why ionic compounds do not conduct as solids, but will conduct when liquid or in aqueous solution.
What type of bond exists within a polyatomic ion? What type of bonds can polyatomic ions form?
What creates the “charge” on a polyatomic ion?
Section 6.4 : Metallic Bonding
Define the terms:
delocalized electrons:
metallic bonding:
malleability:
ductility:
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
Why are metals malleable and ductile?
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Section 6.5: Molecular Geometry
Define the terms:
VSEPR theory:
hybridization:
dipole:
intermolecular forces:
dipole-dipole forces:
hydrogen bonding:
London dispersion forces:
What general VSEPR theory principle determines the molecular structure of a molecule?
Although the valence electron pairs in ammonia, NH3, have a tetrahedral arrangement, the overall geometric structure
of the ammonia molecule is not described as being tetrahedral. Explain.
Although both the BF3 and NF3 molecules contain the same number of atoms, the BF3 molecule is trigonal planar,
whereas the NF3 molecule is pyramidal. Explain.
Using the VSPER theory, predict the molecular shape of each of the following :
a. GeI4
b. PH3
c. SO3
d. CO32-
e. NH4+
Why are the bond angles in water molecules less than the bond angles in tetrahedral molecules such as methane (CH4)?
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What is the relationship between strength of intermolecular forces and boiling point?
What determines a substance’s state (solid, liquid or gas) at a given temperature?
Explain how a molecule that contains polar bonds can be non-polar.
How can a polar molecule induce a dipole in a non-polar molecule?
Why do compounds with hydrogen bonding have unusually high boiling points?
Which of the molecules listed below can form hydrogen bonds? For which of the molecules would London dispersion
forces be the only intermolecular force? Give reasons for your answers.
a. H2
b. H2S
c. HCl
d. HF
London dispersion forces are sometimes described as existing between “momentary shifting dipoles”. Explain this
statement.
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