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EN-146 1 Engelsk ord- og setningsbygning
Kandidat 3154
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1 EN-146 27.05.2016 - general information
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2 1A: Word classes
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3 1B: Word process formation
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4 1C: Morphemes
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5 2. Phrase level
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6 3A: Sentence pairs
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7 3B: Sentence pairs
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8 3C: Sentence pairs
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9 3D: Sentence pairs
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10 3E: Sentence pairs
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11 4a. Clause analysis
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12 4b. Clause analysis
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13 4c. Clause analysis
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14 4d. Clause analysis
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15 4e. Clause element analysis
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16 5a. Tense, aspect and voice
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17 5b. Modality and future
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18 6. Subclauses
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EN-146 1 Engelsk ord- og setningsbygning
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EN-146
EN-146
27.05.2016 09:00
27.05.2016 13:00
201606170000
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31.08.2016 09:41
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Kandidat 3154
Section 1
1 OPPGAVE
EN-146 27.05.2016 - general information
Course code: EN-146
Course name: Engelsk ord- og setningsbygning
Date: 27.05.16
Duration: 09:00-13:00 (4 hours)
Resources allowed: None
Notes:
----------------------------Sometimes professors ask for exam answers that can be used for teaching purposes, but in order
for this to take place, the university needs your consent.
Do you grant the University of Agder permission to use your exam answer for teaching
purposes?
Yes
No
2 OPPGAVE
1A: Word classes
1 A) Type in which word class the word in boldface belong to.
Example: She liked him.
Correct answer: pronoun
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1. Yesterday was a great day! Adverb
2. You have not seen my backpack, have you? Verb
3. He married her because she was rich. Adverb
4. Our new motorbike is very quick! Adverb
5. To be or not to be, that is the question. Determiner
6. She asked for some help. Conjunction
7. I volunteered to help out at the conference. Verb
8. They were disappointed. Adjective
9. We shall talk about him later. Verb(modal auxiliary)
10. That boy can swim very fast. Demonstrative pronoun
3 OPPGAVE
1B: Word process formation
1 B) Explain possible or probable word-process formations of the underlined words:
Example: People love to donate useless stuff.
Correct answer: Clipping
Also correct answer: Backformation
(Both answers will be deemed correct because backformation is a kind of clipping.)
1. This novel is what we call a Bildungsroman. Eponym
2. We're all in the business of edutainment. Borrowing
3. Peter downed the whole bottle in one go. Conversion
4. I am in the mood for a sandwich. Compounding
5. She has made a fantastic new app! Clipping
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4 OPPGAVE
1C: Morphemes
1 C) Identify what kind of morpheme is underlined in each sentence.
1. She is considering moving to a bigger city.
Select an alternative:
Free lexical
Bound derivational
Bound inflectional
Free functional
2. This is unacceptable!
Choose the best description.
Bound inflectional
Bound derivational
Free lexical
Free functional
3. After the match, we were speechless.
Select an alternative
Bound inflectional
Bound derivational
Free lexical
Free functional
4. I realised I was staring.
Select an alternative
Bound inflectional
Bound derivational
Free lexical
Free functional
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5. In the end, they were proven wrong.
Select an alternative
Bound derivational
Bound inflectional
Free lexical
Free functional
5 OPPGAVE
2. Phrase level
TASK 2: PHRASE LEVEL
Identify the following phrases and write your answer in the box. Use abbreviations (PP,
AdjP etc.).
Example phrase: terribly
Correct answer: AdvP
1. immensely accurate AdjP
2. will have seen VP
3. before the final AdvP
4. an exam never seen before NP
5. so slowly that one might be tempted to yawn AdvP
6. as quickly as he could AdvP
7. looking forward to VP
8. interesting AdjP
9. she NP
10. in front of the television PP
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6 OPPGAVE
3A: Sentence pairs
TASK 3: CLAUSE LEVEL - SENTENCE PAIRS
Analyse these sentence pairs and explain difference in form and function between them.
3 A)
1. These are our kitchen rules.
2. Our kitchen rules!
Fill in your answer here
BESVARELSE
3 A)
1. These[S] are[V] our kitchen rules[SP].
2. Our kitchen[S] rules[V].
Form
Sentence number 1 has a demonstrative pronoun at the beginning followed by the the transitive verb "to be"
in the simple present tense. The verb is then followed by the possessive pronoun "our" which is a premoifier
in the noun phrase "our kitchen". Sentence number 2 starts off with a noun phrase containing the possessive
pronoun "our" as premodifier, and "kitchen" as head noun. The noun phrase is then followed by the verb "to
rule" in the simple present tense.
Function
"These" acts as subject and doer of the action in sentence 1. "Our kitchen" acts as subject preicative,
describing the subject "these". This sentence indicates that the speaker shows the receiver how one must
behave in his kitchen by pointing towards his specific rules.
In sentence 2, "our kitchen" acts as subject. This sentene means that the speaker is indicating that their
kitchen is the best of all kitchens or that he is proud of it.
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7 OPPGAVE
3B: Sentence pairs
3 B)
1. I should have told you the truth.
2. I wanted to tell you the truth.
Fill in your answer here
BESVARELSE
3 B)
1. I[S] should have told[V] you[IO] the truth[DO].
2. I[S] wanted[V] to tell you the truth[DO].
Form
Sentence one starts with the personal pronoun "I" followed by a verb phrase containing the modal auxiliary
"should" and the verbal "to tell" in the present prefect. After this verb phrase, the personal pronoun "you"
follows, and then the sentence ends with the noun phrase "the truth" where the head noun has a definite
article in front of it.
Sentence 2 is the same except that the verb phrase following the peronal pronoun "I" is different. It has the
transitive verb "to want" in the simple past tense followed by the infinitive form "to tell".
Function
"I" is the subject in both of th sentences. In sentence 1, "to tell" is the verbal, whereas "wanted" is the verbal
of sentence 2. The first sentence indicates that speaker is regretting the fact that he did not tell the truth to
the listener, and now he states that he should have done so if he had been able to change the past.
Sentence 2 indicates that the speaker simply wanted to tell the truth to the listener, but he was somehow
unable to do so in the past. Sentence number 2 may also mean that the speaker just ran into the listener and
wanted to tell him something.
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8 OPPGAVE
3C: Sentence pairs
3 C)
1. The artist was admiring the crowd.
2. The artist was admired by the crowd.
Fill in your answer here
BESVARELSE
3 C)
1. The artist[S] was admiring[V] the crowd[DO].
2. The artist[S] was admired[V] by the crowd[A].
Form
Both sentences start with the noun phrase "the artist" where artist is the head noun with a definite article in
front of it. Sentence 1 is then followed by the verb phrase "was admiring" with the main transitive verb "to
admire" in the past progressive form. The verb phrase is followed by a noun phrase as obligatory
complement of the transitive where the head noun "crowd" has a definite article in front of it.
In sentence 2, the main verb in the verb phrase is in the present perfect form, and has the conjunction "by"
following it.
Function
Sentence number one indicates that the artist was looking out on the crowd, and that he liked what he was
seeing. Since the verbal is in the present progressive form, the action is not necessarily completed. He may
still be looking out on the crowd.
Sentence 2 means that that the crowd was looking at the artist when he preformed, and liked what they saw.
The only difference in meaning between the two sentences is the question of who was admiring the other.
However, sentence 2 may also mean that the crowd was admiring the artist, which means that the artist was
pleased as he looked out on the crowd. Despite this possible meaning, the first explanation stated above is
the most obvious.
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9 OPPGAVE
3D: Sentence pairs
3 D)
1. They will elect their next president in November.
2. They might elect her their next president.
Fill in your answer here
BESVARELSE
3 D)
1. They[S] will elect[V] their next president[DO] in November[A].
2. They[S] might elect[V] her[IO] their next president[DO].
Form
Both sentences start with the persononal pronoun "they" followed by a verb phrase. The verb phrase in the
first sentence starts with the modal auxiliary "will" before the main verb "elect" in the infinitive form. the verb
"elect" is transitive and requires a complement to follow right after it, which is the noun phrase "their next
president". This noun phrase contains the possessive pronoun "their" which acts as premodifier for the head
noun "president". The word "next" is an adverbial that also acts as premodifier for the head noun president.
After this noun phrase, the preposition "in" follows, and then sentence 1 ends with the proper noun
"November".
Sentence number 2 has a different modal axuliary before the main verb. The main verb of the verb phrase in
this sentence is ditransitive. The verb is followed by the demonstrative pronoun "her". The noun phrase
following is the same as in sentence number 1, except that "in November" is left out.
Function
Since the first sentence has a transitive verb, it indicates that are going to "elect someone something" in the
future. This sentence means that they are going to choose who will become their president in the month of
Novermber. "In November" is an adverbial of time since it is only adding information to the sentence.
The verbal in sentence two is ditransitive, meaning that they will "elect someone something". A ditransitive
verb needs to elements to follow after it, and those are the indirect object that benefits from the action - her,
and what they will elect her - president. This sentence means that they may probably elect her as their next
president, or they may not.
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10 OPPGAVE
3E: Sentence pairs
3 E)
1. Yesterday I bumped into an old friend.
2. Yesterday I looked an old friend up.
Fill in your answer here
BESVARELSE
3 E)
1. Yesterday[A] I[S] bumped into[V] an old friend[DO].
2. Yesterday[A] I[S] looked[V] an old friend[DO] up[V].
Form
Both sentences start with the adverb "yesterday" followed by the personal pronoun "I". Sentence 1 then has a
verb phrase with the verb "bump into" in simple past tense. The noun phrase "an old friend" then follows. This
noun phrase consists of the indefinite article "an" and the adjective "old" which are both premodifiers for the
head noun "friend". Sentence number 2 has a phrasal verb after the personal pronoun "I". The particle "up" is
moved to the end of the sentence so that the noun phrase "an old friend". comes before it.
Function
Sentence number 1 indicates that the speaker met an old friend somewhere the preceding day by accidently
hitting him wth his elbow, for example.. The verbal "bump into" also indicates that the speaker did not expect
to meet his old friend.
Sentence number 2 means that the speaker searched for information on an old friend of his the preceding
day, and the speaker most likely checked the internet for information on this person. The verbal "look up" is
phrasal verb, which means that the particle can be moved around in the sentence. Therefore, the preposition
"up" is analysed as a verb since it is part of the verbal preceding the direct object, only moved around.
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Section 2
11 OPPGAVE
4a. Clause analysis
4a. Analyse the sentence "She seemed so happy this morning".
Example: She kicked the bucket.
Correct answer: She (S) kicked (V) the (DO) bucket (DO). Even though "the bucket" is the DO,
you must analyse each word alone so that both "the" and "bucket" must be analysed as DO.
Please match the values:
S
V
DO
IO
SP
OP
She
seemed
so
happy
this
morning
12 OPPGAVE
4b. Clause analysis
4b. Analyse the sentence "Put your pens down now."
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A
Kandidat 3154
Please match the values:
S
V
DO
IO
SP
OP
Put
your
pens
down
now
13 OPPGAVE
4c. Clause analysis
4c. Analyse the sentence "She wrote him a long e-mail."
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A
Kandidat 3154
Please match the values:
S
V
DO
IO
SP
OP
She
wrote
him
a
long
email
14 OPPGAVE
4d. Clause analysis
4d. Analyse the sentence "I can't believe she pulled it off!"
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A
Kandidat 3154
Please match the values:
S
V
DO
IO
SP
OP
I
can't
believe
she
pulled
it
off
15 OPPGAVE
4e. Clause element analysis
4e. Analyse the sentence "It was great that we qualified".
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A
Kandidat 3154
Please match the values:
S
V
DO
IO
SP
OP
It
was
great
that
we
qualified.
16 OPPGAVE
5a. Tense, aspect and voice
5a. Read the following text and then identify the verb forms by pointing out tense, aspect
and voice (in that order).
Example sentence: I had seen her before.
Correct answer: Past perfect active.
Ukraine has won the 2016 Eurovision song contest with an entry whose politically charged lyrics
have caused Present perfect active tensions with neighbouring Russia. Singer-songwriter
Jamala was crowned Past perfect passive the winner for her haunting rendition of the ballad
1944, which evoked simple past active the deportation of Crimean Tatars by Josef Stalin and
has been interpreted Present perfect passive as a criticism of Russia’s annexation of
Crimea in 2014. As she was collecting Past progressive active her trophy, she pleaded for
“peace and love”.
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A
Kandidat 3154
17 OPPGAVE
5b. Modality and future
5b. Choose the proper modality of the underlined words.
Example: She can speak English.
Correct answer: Root modality
1. There is a knock on the door. Oh, that must be my uncle.
Select an alternative:
Root modality
Future modality
Modal auxiliary equivalent
Epistemic modality
2. I was able to talk to him about it.
Select an alternative
Root modality
Epistemic modality
Future modality
Modal auxiliary equivalent
3. We will be leaving tomorrow morning.
Select an alternative
future simple
future progressive
present simple with future meaning
will-future
4. The ferry leaves at three o'clock sharp.
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Select an alternative
present simple with future meaning
present progressive with future meaning
future simple
future in the past
5. Thou shalt not kill.
Select an alternative
Root modality
Epistemic modality
Future modality
Modal auxiliary equivalent
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18 OPPGAVE
6. Subclauses
6. Identify the subclauses and define their form (finite or non-finite) and function (nominal,
adjectival or adverbial) . If possible, include extra information about what kind of
subclauses you see, e.g. finite adverbial subclause of time or non-finite nominal -ing
subclause.
Example sentence: She seemed so happy when I saw her the other day.
Correct answer: "when I saw her the other day" is a finite adverbial subclause of time.
1. Driving home, he thought about the concert.
2. There were lots of people dressed in strange costumes at the parade.
3. That he was lucky was beyond any doubt.
4. We have finally finished the exam, which is a big relief.
5. It is important to have faith in oneself.
Fill in your answer here
BESVARELSE
1. "Driving home" is a non-finite adverbial ing-subclause of time. It acts as adverbil in the main clause.
2. "dressed in strange costumes" is a non-finite past participle adjectival subclause. It describes "people" and
is part of the subject in the main clause.
3. "That he was lucky" is a finite nominal that-clause. It acts as subject in the main clause.
4. "which is a big relief" is a finite sentential adjectival subclause. It acts as a disjunct adverbial(speaker´s
comment) in the main cause.
5. "to have faith in oneself" is a non-finite nominal infinitival subclause. It acts as subject in the main clause.
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