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Transcript
F R A U N H O F E R I N S T I T U T e F o R so l ar ener g Y syste m s I S E 1 1 Power is transmitted in the form of light generated by a monochromatic light source. 2 At the receiver a photovoltaic cell 2 3 PV-Cells for Optical Power Transmission converts the light back into electricity. 3 Electronic circuitry provides stable Optical power transmission is an elegant Photovoltaic cells can convert monochro- power output at the required voltage. way to replace copper wiring with fiber matic light into electricity much more optic cable for applications where con efficiently than the spectrum of the solar ventional power supply is challenging radiation. By tuning the photovoltaic cell’s or even impossible due to: semiconductor bandgap to the specific wavelength of the light, thermalization and n the risk of short circuits and sparks transmission losses are minimized. In this n the need for lightning protection way, high conversion efficiencies of light n electromagnetic interference into electricity over 50% have been realized. n the need for galvanic isolation Fraunhofer Institute for n high magnetic fields Applications n heavy weight of long distance cabling The technology of optical power trans n susceptibility to corrosion and moisture mission is suitable for a broad range of Solar Energy Systems applications, such as: Heidenhofstrasse 2 Power can be transmitted in the form of 79110 Freiburg light through an optical fiber or directly n structural health monitoring systems Germany through air. A light source – namely a laser Phone +49 761 4588-0 or an LED – generates monochromatic n fuel gauges in aircraft wings Fax +49 761 4588-9000 light. At the receiver a photovoltaic cell n current transducers in high voltage www.ise.fraunhofer.de converts the optical power back into in wind turbines power lines electricity. Consequently copper wiring can n implantable medical microsystems Dr Henning Helmers be avoided. In addition, the replacement of n subscribers in optically powered Phone +49 761 4588-5094 copper wire by optical fiber enables com networks [email protected] bination of power and data transmission n monitoring units in passive optical www.III-V.de into a single fiber. networks (PON) What is your application? March 2014 D B C A 1 2 Materials and Cell Concepts Our Expertise 1 Components: Optical fiber with connec- The bandgap of III-V semiconductors can n photovoltaic cell development: tors on both ends (A). Laser power converters be well tuned by the composition of the high efficiency due to excellent mounted on transistor outlines (TO header) (B). material. At Fraunhofer ISE, III-V materials material quality, advanced concepts Optical connector (C). Laser power converter have been used in photovoltaic cells for for increased voltage output, different integrated into optical connector (D). 2 Automatic packaging of laser power conver- many years. They were originally developed materials for broad range of wave- for highly efficient space and terrestrial lengths, front grid optimization for ters on transistor outlines: thin wire bonding concentrator solar cells. The spectrum of high power operation, customized for electrical contacts. available materials covers a broad range cell size and geometry of wavelengths. In addition, advanced cell concepts are developed for highest conver n characterization: sion efficiencies, high power operation and spectral quantum efficiency, current- increased voltage output. voltage characteristics at variable intensity, monochromatic light Selected materials are available (with cutoff illumination, electroluminescence, wavelength λc related to the bandgap at photoluminescence 300 K): Ga0.51In0.49P (λc=660 nm) n automatic packaging: GaAs (λc=870 nm) mounting on transistor outline, vacuum Ga0.83In0.17As (λc=1050 nm) soldering, wire bonding Ga0.16In0.84As0.31P0.69 (λc=1100 nm) Ga0.47In0.53As (λc=1680 nm) n system integration: GaSb (λc=1700 nm) optical fiber coupling, connectors, Ge (λc=1870 nm) electronic circuitry, laser driver, DC/DC converter Increased voltage output of the photovol taic converter can be realized by application n combination with data transmission of advanced cell concepts: n multi-junction cells: n modeling: vertical stacking of multiple cells interconnected by tunnel diodes electrical, optical, thermal n multi-segment cells (monolithic n reliability testing: interconnected modules, MIMs): lateral series interconnection of several segments due to electrical separation on semi-insulating wafer degradation studies, accelerated ageing