Download Activity in parahippocampal gyrus during cognitive tasks

Activity in parahippocampal gyrus during cognitive tasks correlates with
tendency to ruminate
C.Piguet1, M. Desseilles1, 2Y. Cojan1,V. Sterpenich1, A. Dayer, J.-M. Aubry, G. Bertschy3, P. Vuilleumier1
1Department
of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
3Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, INSERMu666, France
2Department
Background & Aim
Material & Methods
Subjects: 32 mood disorder patients (MDD
(N=9), BD-I (N=7), BD-II (N=13) or BD-others
(N=3)), 31 matched controls
Rumination is frequently encountered in mood
disorders, and is associated with poorer clinical
outcome. Ruminative thinking has been
proposed to originate from abnormalities in
cognitive processes such as associative thinking
or mental flexibility (1–3). Moreover, rumination
might be a relevant dimensional trait which
encompass mood and anxiety disorders (4). Here
we used a trait measure of rumination, the
Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and in
particular its brooding subscore, representing
the most negative aspect of rumination, to
investigate the neural correlates of this
dimension during specific cognitive tasks in both
healthy and mood disorders participants.
TASK: Free Word Association
• Condition “close”: 2 words that first come to
your mind, production process
• Condition “remote”: 2 words as far as possible,
inhibition of automatisms
• Stimuli: positive, negative and neutral words
with 40-60% association in French language
TASK: Task Switching
<
N (males)
p value
40.25 (8.8)
39.6 (8.7)
13.3 (3.2)
14 (3)
23 (9)
24 (7)
13.75(9.3)
2 (1.8) *
< 0.001
Young
2.4 (2.9)
0.4 (0.8) *
< 0.001
Hamilton Anxiety
13.2 (8.2)
3.3 (2.3) *
< 0.001
RRS
55.2 (11)
33.8 (9.9) *
< 0.001
Brooding
12.5 (3.1)
MADRS
• Condition “inhibition”: ABA sequence compared
to CBA sequence
<
10
60
10
+
20650 ms
SPM{T57}
30
3 tasks: emotion – gender- color
40
«which face is different of the others regarding
the cue?»
50
Height threshold T = 3.239478 {p<0.001 (unc.)}
60
Extent threshold k = 0 voxels
fMRI
1 Results
2
3
1
4
2
Design matrix
Brooding@sF2
1
Brooding@sF2
2
Group
1
Group
emotion
150 ms
50
Extent
threshold k = 0 voxels
Statistical analysis:
Design
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Design matrix
Association > control
task,
Inhibition > control
task,
positive correlation for
all subjects
positive correlation for
all subjects
x,y,z = -24 -4 -32 MNI
p<0.001 unc.
Z score 3.28
x,y,z = -15 -13 -20 MNI
p<0.001 unc.
Z score 3.4
4
parameters
(gray
not uniquely specified)
parameter estimability
3
Discussion & Conclusion
Design description...
Design :
Global calculation :
Grand mean scaling :
Global normalisation :
Parameters :
<
3T whole-body MAGNETOM Trio Tim VB15 system
(Siemens GmbH), 32 channel head coil.
20
images: 3D T1 weighted sequence, 1 mm
SPM{T•structural
}
59
isotropic
voxels
30
•functional images: EPI sequence, sparse sampling
(TR = 9 s or 2.04 s, 3x3 mm resolution, 36 axial slices,
40
thickness 3 mm)
•Data analysis: SPM8, SPSS SPMresults: .\inhib_control
Height threshold T = 2.661759 {p<0.005 (unc.)}
images
<
<
SPMresults:
.\assoc_control
8.1 (2.4)
*
< 0.001
1200 ms
• Stimuli: happy, sad and neutral faces, colored in
red or green.
MRI data acquisition:
<
emotion
10
independant
t-test
31 (14)
Level of education
Laterality (not righthanded)
contrast(s)
contrast(s)
32 (14)
Age
650 ms
SPMmip
[-15, -13, -20]
M (SD)
+
(emotion-emotion)
10
M (SD)
SPMmip
[-24, -4, -32]
Characteristics
Controls
Brooding_ALL
• Condition “switch”: AAB sequence, for example
Brooding_ALL
emotion-color, compare to repetition BBB
Demographic Data
Patients
X=9
Two-sample t-test
omit
<no grand Mean scaling>
<no global normalisation>
2 condition, +2 covariate, +0 block, +0 nuisance
4 total, having 4 degrees of freedom
leaving 59 degrees of freedom from 63 images
2
Two different fMRI tasks, cognitive conditions with high attentional load
1
Activity in the parahippocampal gyrus correlated with brooding tendency across all subjects.
0 selective activity fits well with
The effect was small despite the relatively large sample, but this
our previous work conducted with a different sample (5)
Fits with the model of reduced control on overactivation of self-related and autobiographical
memory regions that may contribute to rumination.
The fact that this correlation is significant for a mixed sample of healthy and clinical
participants does not support a specific involvement of rumination in mood disorders, but
rather suggests that rumination is a physiological process that might become pathological under
specific circumstances such as diminished cognitive control.
No disclosure of interest
[email protected]
3
References
1. Bar M (2009) Trends2Cogn Sci. 13: 456–63.
2. Gotlib IH, Joormann J (2010) Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 6:
1
285–312.
3. Koster EH et al. (2011) Clin Psychol Rev. 31: 138–45.
0
4. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Watkins ER (2011) Perspect Psychol
Sci. 6: 589–609.
5. Piguet C et al. (2014). Biol Psychol. 103: 195–202.