Download Session 26 Worksheet

AnS 214 SI Session 26
Monday, 4/10, 4pm
CQoD: “Who was the first guy that looked at a cow and said," I think that I'll drink whatever comes out of those things
when I squeeze them?” - Calvin & Hobbes
A. Ruminant anatomy
1) Name a difference between bovine anatomy and species we have discussed so far with respect to the following:
Tongue:
Teeth:
Esophagus:
2) What is the primary difference between the salivary glands of cattle and species we have discussed?
How many liters/day are produced by cattle? ____________________
What is its primary function?
3) ___________________________ is caused by a ____________________ in the actinobacillus genus, and presents as a
stiff, ulcerated tongue and inability to chew. ____________________________ is caused by actinomyces bovis, and will
initially present as a bony growth on the jaw.
4)Cattle have _________ stomach(s), and _________ gastric chambers. Calves are unique in having an
__________________________________ to shuttle milk through the reticulum and rumen.
5) Name, in order, the chambers of the stomach.
Chamber
Distinguishing Anatomy
Function
6) What are the two types of bacteria found in the rumen?
What other organism type can be found in the rumen?
7) What are the three types of fatty acids produced by the rumen microbes?
How are they absorbed?
8) What is the pathology and cause of acidosis?
9) Name a disease associated with the omasum.
11) Name a disease associated with the abomasum.
12) What disease is caused by mycobacterium paratuberculosis?
10) What are the primary differences between ruminant and monogastric small and large intestines?
B. Rumination Cycle
1) Name, in order, the 4 steps of rumination.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2) Name 5 functions of rumination.
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3) As discussed in class, the rumination cycle can take up to _______ hours.
4) The 5 steps of regurgitation are...
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5) What is the purpose of eructation?
What condition results from failure to eructate?
C. Hind-gut fermentation
1) Many hind-gut fermenters, such as horses, will produce _________________ in their saliva.
How much saliva is produced per day by the horse? _____________________
2) How does the anatomy of the equine stomach differ from that of ruminants and most monogastrics?
What physiological consequences do these differences have?
3) How does the equine stomach differ from ruminant stomachs?
What consequences does this have in feeding regiments?
4) What % of proteins and carbohydrates are digested in the small intestine? _____________________
5) Name two anatomical features of the cecum in the horse.


What is the function of the cecum in the horse?
How is nutrient absorption by the cecum limited in horses?
6) What is the purpose of the colon in monogastrics?
7) Rabbits belong to a sub-class of hind-gut fermenters called _______________________ or _____________________.
8) Why is fecal consumption advantageous over regular cecal fermentation and excretion?