Download Ecosystem Review (25 points)

Ecosystem Review (25 points)
1. Which law regulates air pollution? Which law regulates water pollution? Which
law protects endangered species?
Water pollution:
Air pollution?
Endangered species?
2. Define the following terms related to species interactions.
Competition
Mutualism
Parasitism
Predation
Commensalism
3. Why are trees important to an ecosystem, even after they have fallen?
4. How does the second law of thermodynamics relate to energy moving up trophic
levels?
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5. Using the food web above, what directly results from removing a primary
consumer, such as a deer or moose from the ecosystem?
6. Fill in the trophic levels for a temperate deciduous forest. Use the following
organisms: Spider, grasshopper, Deer, Bear, Snake, Hawk, Mouse, Tree, Flower,
Grass, Mountain Lion, small birds, coyote
Tertiary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
Primary Producers
7. Which of the following biome has the highest net primary productivity?
8. In photosynthesis, during light reactions, what do plants take in? What do they
give off? What do organisms (or plants during dark reactions) give off?
Plants take in _________________ and give off ______________ during light reactions
of photosynthesis.
When organisms like humans and bacteria respirate they take in
_______________ and give off _______________.
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9. Which biome has the lowest net primary productivity, and therefore would be
most impacted by degradation of primary producers?
10. The net annual primary productivity of a particular savanna ecosystem is found
to be 5,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the producers is 4,500 kcal/m2
per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in
kcal/m2 per year?
Net primary productivity = gross primary productivity - respiration
11. Tropical Rainforests tend to be the most deforested biome in the world. What
are 2 things that will happen to the soil in a rainforest if you remove all the
trees?
1)
2)
12. Traveling from the northpole to the equator, what happens to the mean
temperature? What happens to the mean precipitation? Why?
Temperature
Precipitation
13. Give 3 examples of abiotic components and 3 examples of biotic components
that are affected by abiotic components in an ecosystem?
Abiotic
Biotic
1)
1)
2)
2)
3)
3)
14. What is gross primary productivity (GPP)? What is net primary productivity
(NPP)? How are they related?
NPP=
GPP=
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Relation:
15. What is an Ecosystem service? Name 3 examples of ecosystem services?
1)
2)
3)
16. What is the primary cause of deforestation in the tropical rainforests of the
Amazon basin?
17. How do trees control the flow of water during rainstorms?
18. A farmer uses nitrogen fertilizer to increase crop yields. Run off from irrigating
crops brings nitrogen to streams and rivers. Eutrophication begins. What is
likely to happen next?
The following questions refer to qualities of water samples. Write the letter for the
correct answer in the blanks for numbers 19 through 23. An answer may be used
once, more than once, or not at all.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Acidity
Turbidity
Hardness
Dissolved oxygen
Salinity
19. Measured on the pH scale ______________
20. Caused by suspended particulates ______________
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21. Measured by the amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ______________
22. What are 2 characteristics of a population that would accelerate its extinction?
23. Logging occurs, polluting the local stream. What is the most likely result of an
increase in pollution (increase in decomposition) in the stream?
24. Which of the above park layouts has the least forest fragmentation? How will
this affect the biotic organisms that live in the forest?
25. Rank the following forestry practices in order from most sustainable to least
sustainable: Selective cutting, clear cutting, strip cutting.
Selective Cutting
Clear Cutting
Strip Cutting
26. Match the following terms with their definitions.
i. National parks
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ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
National wildlife refuges
National forests
National wilderness preservation areas
National resource lands
A. Wilderness, scenic view and unusual landforms that have distinct boundaries,
and are preserved for the enjoyment of the US public _____
B. Areas that are set aside for the primary purpose of protecting wildlife, such as the
endangered Marbled Murrelet. _______
C. Publically owned lands usually formed within national forests or rangelands,
which limit human use to preserve the ecosystem, by prohibiting logging, mining
or construction of roads. _______
D. Along with National Rangelands (for grazing) these areas are managed by the
National Forest Service, these are section of land dominated by woody plants
within Publically owned lands. __________
E. These areas of land are managed by the bureau of land, which are set aside
for resources accessed by the public. Publically owned oil rigs are an example
of this type of land. _______
27. What are 3 major goal of the program begun in 1995 to reintroduce the gray
wolf into Yellowstone National Park? (related to the endangered species list, the
bison population and ecosystem balance/predator prey relationships)
1)
2)
3)
28. List 4 ADVANTAGES of maintaining the biodiversity of an ecosystem:
1)
2)
3)
4)
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29. What is an example of wetland mitigation? Why is wetland mitigation
complicated?
30. What is reclamation? What is an example of reclamation of a heavily mined area?
31. Explain how Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate, phosphate could be used to identify whether
a water system is contaminated.
32. Fill in the chart for what types of water tests, and what they tell you about the water
quality/why is it important?
Test
What it tells your about the water
quality
Dissolved Oxygen
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Fecal Coliform bacteria
Nitrate (NO3)
Phosphate (PO4)
Temperature
pH
Turbidity
Water Hardness
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33. Explain how water quality changes at different parts of a stream? Why?
Upstream
Midstream
Downstream
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