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Hwang Ho Civilization 1- How did people live in Hwang Ho civilization? 2- What does the word “Hwang Ho” mean in Chines? 3- How long did Hwang Ho civilization last? 4- What special about Hwang Ho civilization? Asia in the Past The Hwang Ho civilization – began about 4000 years ago. It started in the valley of the Wang Ho or Yellow River in North China. In this civilization people were wandering hunters and fishermen, later they had learnt to farm, and settled in villages. Gradually, they developed cities, governments, religions and system of writing. They coined money and invented a calendar. Asia in the Past The early Chines kept cattle, horses and sheep. They had learnt to make pottery from clay and jewelry from metals and shells. They played music on whistles, and make silk from silkworms. Those who settled in the Hwang Ho valley joined to form kingdoms, other settled in the valley of Yangtze valley. For about 1500 years, China was divided into a number of kingdoms. Hwang Ho Civilization Yellow River Kingdom of Qin Kingdom of Qin 1- How long did this kingdom last? 2- What do the words “Qinshi Huangdi” mean in Chinese? 3- For what people in China remember the first emperor of the kingdom of Qin ? 4- Was the Great Wall completely built during the kingdom of Qin? 5- For what reason was the Great Wall built? Asia in the Past The kingdoms fought each other for power, one of the most powerful kingdoms was the kingdom of Qin. The word China comes from Qin. By 221 BC the king of Qin conquered all other kingdoms and then took the title of Qinshi Huangdi , means “the first emperor”. China remained an empire for the next 2000 years. The Qinshi Huangdi was remembered not only as ruler who united China, but as the builder of the Great wall. The Great Wall in China The Great Wall of China was built originally to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire. It was built in the 5th BC, and has been rebuilt and maintained from then through the 16th century. It is one of the most famous wall built by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huangdi. The construction had been continued during the Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall stretches for 8,851.8 km (5,500.3 mi). Tang Dynasty 1- When was Tang rule the country? 2- How was China during Tang Dynasty? 3- Who invented the length of year? What was the length of year they came up with? 4- What is the name of the very first printed book in Tang dynasty? Asia in the Past The Tang Dynasty – What is a Dynasty ? It is a family of rulers. China was ruled by Tang Dynasty from 618 AD to 906 AD. China then was perhaps the most civilized nation in the world – it was called the Golden Age of China. The Tang capital had many luxurious palaces; the streets of the city were crowded with many foreigners, such as Arabs, Persians (Iranians), Central Asians, Syrians, Koreans, Vietnamese and Japanese. Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty(618-906) was the most glistening (shiny) historic period in China's history, the most powerful and prosperous country in the world. Particularly, in this glorious period, the economy, politics, culture and military strength reached an unparalleled advanced level. Asia in the Past During Tang periods, China had more than 20,000 poets, they also had famous mathematicians and scientists; for example the Chinese mathematicians had calculated the length of the year as 364.2444 days. The Chinese also invented gun-powder. They developed a method of printing from wood-blocks. One of the oldest printed books in the world came from Tang China – Diamond Sutra (Prajnaparamita = Perfection of Wisdom or the practicing of non-attachment). Asia in the Past 1- How did people in Southeast Asia live in the past? 2- How did Indians come to Southeast Asia? 3- How did Buddhist religion brought into Southeast Asia? 4- Which countries were not influenced by Indian Culture? 5- Which country that influenced Vietnam in the past? Asia in the Past People in Early South East Asia lived in a large areas, close to the natural sea-route from China to India. These people lived a simple life, they were farmers and fishermen, they lived in a remote areas, such as jungles, and hills, they were wandering hunters, and food gatherers. They later adapted Hinduism and Buddhism; most of them were influenced by Indian cultures, except two countries – the Philippines and Vietnam. Asia in the Past Travellers from China and India often stopped in Southeast Asia. Indians stayed in Southeast Asia for longer time, they started trading settlements there, later stayed in this areas of Southeast Asia; they brought with them the religions – Hinduism and Buddhism (sine then people of Southeast Asia learnt to adopt these religions into their life). Asia in the Past Southeast Asian people not only adopted religions into their practices in life, but also they learnt to accept Indian words into their languages and learnt to write Sanskrit. They adopted from Indians about arts, government, customs and ways of life. Later the coastal people became Indianised. Asia in the Past Many Indian-type kingdoms arose in Southeast Asia; they were ruled by Indianised - Southeast Asian kings. The Indian traders seldom visited the Philippines. Vietnam was conquered by the Chinese in 111 BC. The Chines ruled this country for the next 1000 years. As the result Vietnamese came under the influence of Chinese culture. Map