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HumanAnatomy Unit1 IntroductiontoHumanAnatomy IntroductiontotheSkeletalSystem InAnatomyToday • WelcometoAnatomy 35! • Introductionto Anatomy • Syllabus • STEMCenter61-3318 • AnatomicalTerminology Exam – 25questions – Bringascantron ANATOMY • Thestudyofbodystructures • Literallymeans“tocutup; todissect” De Corporis Humani Fabrica, Vesalius, 1543 AnatomicalPosition • AnatomicalPosition – standingorlyingonyourback,face,palmsandfeet forward • TheLongitudinalMidlineAxis – Imaginarystraightlinefromtopofyourheadthroughthe restofyourbody – Everystructureispositionedinafieldsurroundingthisaxis AnatomicalLandmarks Occiptal Sternal Vertebral Dorsum Perineum Sacral DirectionalTerms • Anterior/Posterior – Ventral/Dorsal • • • • • • • • • Superior/Inferior Medial/Lateral Proximal/Distal Superficial/Deep Internal/External Central/Peripheral Visceral/Parietal Ipsilateral/Contralateral Supine/Prone Supine/Prone OrganizationoftheHumanBody • Thebodyisorganizedintoseparateand distinctspacescalledbodycavities – Cranialcavity • Vertebralcanal – Thoraciccavity • 2pleuralcavities • Pericardialcavity – AbdominopelvicCavity • Quadrants • Regions BodyCavities BodyCavities AbdominopelvicQuadrants AbdominopelvicRegions SkeletalSystem • Inlabyouwillbelearning: 1. Toidentifyeachboneinthebody 2. Todeterminethehandednessofpairedbones 3. Toidentifybonefeatures • Bonesprovideaframeworktosupportyour bodyandprotectyourinternalorgans • Somebonefeaturesserveasattachment pointsformuscles,tendonsandjoints SkeletalSystem OrganizationoftheSkeleton MajorDivisions • Axial – bonesthatformtheaxisofthebody – supportandprotecttheorgansofthehead,neck andtrunk • Appendicular – thebonesoftheupperandlowerextremities+2 bonygirdlesthatattachtheextremitiestothe axialskeleton AxialSkeleton • • • • • • Skull Earossicles Hyoidbone Sternum Vertebrae Ribs AppendicularSkeleton • PelvicGirdle – Oscoxae • LowerLimb – – – – – – – Femur Tibia Fibula Patella Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges • PectoralGirdle – Scapula – Clavicle • Upperlimb – – – – – – Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges NumberofBones: AxialSkeleton Structure Cranial Facial Auditoryossicles Hyoid Vertebralcolumn(fusion) Ribcage Total Fetus 8 14 6 1 33±1 25 87±1 Adult 8 14 6 1 26±1 25 80±1 NumberofBones: AppendicularSkeleton Structure Fetus Adult Pectoralgirdle 4 4 Upperextremities 60 60 Pelvicgirdle(fusion) 6 2 Lowerextremities 60 60 Total 130 126 Totalskeleton 217 206 BoneFeatures • Bonefeaturesarebumps,grooves, depressions,openings,etc. • Boneswillhavearticular andnon-articular features – Articulation:where2ormorebonesarein contactwithoneanotheratjoints – Non-articularfeaturesserveaspointsof attachmentformuscleseitherdirectlyorvia tendonsandforligamentattachment ArticularSurfaceFeatures • Facet – smoothflatarticulating surface • Condyle – smoothrounded articulatingknob • Head – prominentcondyleona neck Non- ArticularSurfaceFeatures • Crestorline – narrowridge • Tuberosity – largeroughened surface • Tubercle – smallroundedrough process • Epicondyle – aroughened projectionnexttoa condyle • Trochanter – massiveroughened process(femuronly) • Process – anymarkedbony prominence • Spine – alongslender process Depressions/Openings • Fossa – aflattenedshallow depression • Sulcus – narrow,longgroove • Alveolus – asocket(teeth) • Sinus – acavity – Anairspacewithinbone • Meatus – blindendedcanal (temporalbone) • Fissure – awideslitinbone • Foramen(foramina) – anyopeninginbone • Canal – longforamen